Li Shu-Yun, DeMayo Francesco John
Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
Biomolecules. 2025 Mar 20;15(3):450. doi: 10.3390/biom15030450.
Implantation is a complex and tightly regulated process essential for the establishment of pregnancy. It involves dynamic interactions between a receptive uterus and a competent embryo, orchestrated by ovarian hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. These hormones regulate proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression within the three primary uterine tissue types: myometrium, stroma, and epithelium. Advances in genetic manipulation, particularly the Cre/loxP system, have enabled the in vivo investigation of the role of genes in a uterine compartmental and cell type-specific manner, providing valuable insights into uterine biology during pregnancy and disease. The development of endometrial organoids has further revolutionized implantation research. They mimic the native endometrial structure and function, offering a powerful platform for studying hormonal responses, implantation, and maternal-fetal interactions. Combined with omics technologies, these models have uncovered the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that regulate implantation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of uterine-specific genetic tools, endometrial organoids, and omics. We explore how these advancements enhance our understanding of implantation biology, uterine receptivity, and decidualization in reproductive research.
着床是建立妊娠所必需的一个复杂且受到严格调控的过程。它涉及到一个具有接受性的子宫与一个有能力的胚胎之间的动态相互作用，由雌激素和孕激素等卵巢激素精心协调。这些激素调节子宫三种主要组织类型（肌层、基质和上皮）内的增殖、分化和基因表达。基因操作的进展，特别是Cre/loxP系统，使得能够以子宫分区和细胞类型特异性的方式在体内研究基因的作用，为妊娠和疾病期间的子宫生物学提供了有价值的见解。子宫内膜类器官的发展进一步革新了着床研究。它们模拟天然子宫内膜的结构和功能，为研究激素反应、着床和母胎相互作用提供了一个强大的平台。与组学技术相结合，这些模型揭示了调控着床的分子机制和信号通路。本综述全面概述了子宫特异性遗传工具、子宫内膜类器官和组学。我们探讨了这些进展如何增进我们在生殖研究中对着床生物学、子宫接受性和蜕膜化的理解。
