Demeke Eyasu Derbew, Benti Natei Ermias, Terefe Mintesnot Gizaw, Anbessa Teshome Taye, Mengistu Wondimagegne Mamo, Mekonnen Yedilfana Setarge
Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University P. O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Computational Data Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University P. O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
Nanoscale Adv. 2025 Mar 19;7(8):2131-2144. doi: 10.1039/d4na01068j. eCollection 2025 Apr 8.
With their many benefits including better crop yield and nutrient delivery, nano fertilizers are a promising option in the agriculture sector. The production and formulation of nanoparticles with regulated size, shape, and content are required to prepare nano fertilizers. Metals, metal oxides, and polymers are among the materials from which nanoparticles are made using chemical and physical processes. Subsequently, these nanoparticles are mixed into fertilizers to enhance plant absorption and availability of nutrients. Nano-fertilizers have several benefits, including efficient nutrient absorption, reduced nutrient losses, minimized environmental pollution, optimized resource utilization, and controlled release of nutrients for sustained plant nourishment. Studies have demonstrated that by boosting nutrient availability, encouraging root development, and strengthening stress tolerance, nano fertilizers can greatly enhance crop yields. Moreover, it has been discovered that they increase microbial activity and soil fertility, which improves soil health and long-term sustainability. Nano-fertilizers can be applied in different ways, like foliar spraying, seed coating, soil integration, or irrigation systems. They are beneficial in precision agriculture for better nutrient management, soil restoration, and addressing nutrient deficiencies. Furthermore, they potentially lessen the negative environmental effects of traditional fertilization methods. Nevertheless, there are still several issues that need to be resolved before nano fertilizers may be commercialized and widely used. Regulatory frameworks, environmental destiny, potential toxicity of nanoparticles, and cost-effectiveness are some of these challenges. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the benefits of nano fertilizers. It will cover topics such as their preparation and characterization, potential side effects, and a diverse range of applications. Additionally, it will present an overview of the importation of chemical fertilizers and explore the prospects of utilizing fertilizers in the Ethiopian context.
纳米肥料具有诸多益处，包括提高作物产量和养分输送效率，是农业领域一个很有前景的选择。制备纳米肥料需要生产和配制尺寸、形状和成分可控的纳米颗粒。金属、金属氧化物和聚合物是通过化学和物理过程制造纳米颗粒的材料。随后，将这些纳米颗粒混入肥料中，以增强植物对养分的吸收和养分的有效性。纳米肥料有诸多好处，包括养分吸收高效、养分损失减少、环境污染最小化、资源利用优化以及养分控释以持续滋养植物。研究表明，纳米肥料通过提高养分有效性、促进根系发育和增强抗逆性，可大幅提高作物产量。此外，还发现它们能增加微生物活性和土壤肥力，从而改善土壤健康和长期可持续性。纳米肥料可以通过不同方式施用，如叶面喷施、种子包衣、土壤混合或灌溉系统。它们在精准农业中有利于更好地进行养分管理、土壤修复和解决养分缺乏问题。此外，它们还可能减轻传统施肥方法对环境的负面影响。然而，在纳米肥料能够商业化并广泛使用之前，仍有几个问题需要解决。监管框架、环境归宿、纳米颗粒的潜在毒性和成本效益等都是其中的挑战。本综述的目的是让读者全面了解纳米肥料的益处。它将涵盖纳米肥料的制备与表征、潜在副作用以及各种应用等主题。此外，还将概述化肥的进口情况，并探讨在埃塞俄比亚使用肥料的前景。
