Piriyanga Rathna, Ranjan Manish, Sherwood Anand, Fareed Mohammad, Karobari Mohmed Isaqali
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, 600077, Chennai, India.
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, C.S.I. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Mar 30;25(1):461. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05870-1.
The success of root canal treatment and regenerative endodontics relies on thorough disinfection and dentin integrity preservation to ensure long-term tooth survival. This study evaluates the pH stability, material characteristics, microhardness and antimicrobial effects of an allicin-incorporated GO-AgNP hydrogel compared to conventional intracanal medicaments.
An allicin-incorporated GO-AgNP hydrogel was synthesized using allicin extract, GO-AgNPs, and sodium alginate. Characterization was performed via FTIR, SEM, and EDX. pH stability of AllGOAgNP, CaOH, CHX, and TAP was assessed at 5 min, 24 h, and 7 days using a digital pH meter. A total of 120 extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) Control, (2) CaOH, (3) TAP, and (4) AllGOAgNP. Medicaments were applied and incubated at 37 °C with 100% humidity for 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Dentin microhardness was evaluated using a Vickers microhardness tester before and after treatment across the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Additionally, antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis and C. albicans was assessed using the disc diffusion method, with inhibition zones measured for each medicament. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05).
FTIR analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of allicin, GO, AgNPs, and sodium alginate. SEM images showed a uniform nanoparticle distribution in the hydrogel, and EDX confirmed the presence of key elements, including silver and sulfur. The Allicin-GO-AgNP hydrogel maintained a near-neutral pH (mean 7.083), while CaOH (mean 12.297) and TAP (mean 12.683) exhibited highly alkaline pH levels. ANOVA results demonstrated significant differences in microhardness across groups and regions (p < 0.05). The Allicin-GO-AgNP hydrogel exhibited significantly higher microhardness than CaOH and TAP across all regions (p < 0.001), with no significant difference from the control in the coronal and middle thirds (p > 0.05). SEM-EDX analysis of treated dentin confirmed minimal structural alterations in the Allicin-GO-AgNP hydrogel group compared to the control. In antimicrobial testing, the hydrogel demonstrated moderate efficacy with inhibition zones of 20 mm against E. faecalis and 13 mm against C. albicans, outperforming calcium hydroxide after 24 h.
The Allicin-GO-AgNP hydrogel demonstrated superior dentin preservation compared to conventional intracanal medicaments. Its near-neutral pH, structural stability, and microhardness retention make it a promising alternative for endodontic applications, particularly in regenerative endodontics. Future studies should focus on its long-term biocompatibility and antimicrobial effectiveness in clinical settings.
The Allicin-GO-AgNP hydrogel preserves dentin integrity better than conventional medicaments, reducing the risk of structural weakening. Its near-neutral pH minimizes collagen degradation, making it a promising option for regenerative endodontics. This novel hydrogel offers a biocompatible alternative with potential long-term clinical benefits.
根管治疗和再生牙髓治疗的成功依赖于彻底消毒和保存牙本质完整性，以确保牙齿长期存活。本研究评估了与传统根管内药物相比，含大蒜素的氧化石墨烯-银纳米颗粒水凝胶的pH稳定性、材料特性、显微硬度和抗菌效果。
使用大蒜素提取物、氧化石墨烯-银纳米颗粒和海藻酸钠合成含大蒜素的氧化石墨烯-银纳米颗粒水凝胶。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱分析（EDX）进行表征。使用数字pH计在5分钟、24小时和7天时评估含大蒜素的氧化石墨烯-银纳米颗粒水凝胶（AllGOAgNP）、氢氧化钙（CaOH）、洗必泰（CHX）和三氧化矿物凝聚体（TAP）的pH稳定性。总共120颗拔除的人类前磨牙被随机分为四组：（1）对照组，（2）CaOH组，（3）TAP组，（4）AllGOAgNP组。应用药物并在37°C、100%湿度下孵育1周、1个月和3个月。使用维氏显微硬度测试仪在治疗前后评估牙冠、中部和根尖三分之一处的牙本质显微硬度。此外，使用纸片扩散法评估对粪肠球菌和白色念珠菌的抗菌效果，测量每种药物的抑菌圈。使用单因素方差分析和Tukey事后检验进行统计分析（p < 0.05）。
FTIR分析证实大蒜素、氧化石墨烯、银纳米颗粒和海藻酸钠成功结合。SEM图像显示水凝胶中纳米颗粒分布均匀，EDX证实存在包括银和硫在内的关键元素。大蒜素-氧化石墨烯-银纳米颗粒水凝胶保持接近中性的pH值（平均7.083），而CaOH（平均12.297）和TAP（平均12.683）表现出高碱性pH值。方差分析结果表明，各组和各区域的显微硬度存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。在所有区域，大蒜素-氧化石墨烯-银纳米颗粒水凝胶的显微硬度均显著高于CaOH和TAP（p < 0.001），在牙冠和中部三分之一处与对照组无显著差异（p > 0.05）。对处理后的牙本质进行SEM-EDX分析证实，与对照组相比，大蒜素-氧化石墨烯-银纳米颗粒水凝胶组的结构改变最小。在抗菌测试中，该水凝胶表现出中等疗效，对粪肠球菌的抑菌圈为20毫米，对白色念珠菌的抑菌圈为13毫米，24小时后优于氢氧化钙。
与传统根管内药物相比，大蒜素-氧化石墨烯-银纳米颗粒水凝胶在保存牙本质方面表现更优。其接近中性的pH值、结构稳定性和显微硬度保持使其成为牙髓治疗应用的有前景的替代物，特别是在再生牙髓治疗中。未来的研究应关注其在临床环境中的长期生物相容性和抗菌效果。
大蒜素-氧化石墨烯-银纳米颗粒水凝胶比传统药物能更好地保存牙本质完整性，降低结构弱化的风险。其接近中性的pH值使胶原蛋白降解最小化，使其成为再生牙髓治疗的有前景的选择。这种新型水凝胶提供了一种具有潜在长期临床益处的生物相容性替代物。
