Al-Nafeesah Abdullah, Al Eed Ashwaq, Alsalamah Abdullrahman, Al-Wutayd Osama, Alshoshan Abdulrahman A, Algubllan Lamees Abdulaziz, Alhasoon Mohammad, Adam Ishag
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pediatrics, King Saud Hospital, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2025 Mar 25;18:1023-1030. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S490593. eCollection 2025.
Neonatal mortality is one of the main public health problems, especially in developing countries. Limited studies on neonatal mortality exist in Saudi Arabia, particularly in central Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence, causes, and associated factors for mortality among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a single center in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
This retrospective study included 988 neonates admitted to the NICU in Saudi Arabia, between January and December 2023. Data were obtained from the hospital records using a questionnaire composed of sociodemographic data, neonatal and maternal information, and neonatal outcomes. Logistic regression analyses were performed, and the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
Data from 970 neonates (46.6% female) were collected and included in the analysis. Of the 970 neonates, 291 (30.0%) were preterm births, and 317 (32.7%) were low-birth-weight (LBW) babies. Overall, 417 (43.0%) neonates were delivered via cesarean section. Prematurity (51.7%), hypothermia/hypoglycemia (17.6%), neonatal jaundice (11.4%), congenital malformations (5.4%), respiratory distress syndrome (3.9%) and neonatal sepsis/infection (3.1%) were the main diagnoses at admission. Nineteen (2.0%) neonates died during the time of admission to discharge in the NICU. Univariate analysis showed that preterm birth (OR = 4.12, 95% CI = 1.60‒10.5) and LBW (OR = 5.9, 95% CI = 2.13‒16.77) were associated with increased odds of neonatal mortality. Maternal age, number of children, duration of admission, mode of delivery, and sex of the neonate were not associated with neonatal mortality. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, LBW (AOR 4.2, 95% CI = 1.24‒14.39) was associated with neonatal mortality.
The current study showed that prematurity, neonatal jaundice, and congenital malformations were the main causes of admission to the NICU. Neonatal mortality is lower than in other regions and is associated with LBW.
新生儿死亡率是主要的公共卫生问题之一，在发展中国家尤为如此。沙特阿拉伯对新生儿死亡率的研究有限，特别是在沙特阿拉伯中部地区。因此，本研究旨在确定沙特阿拉伯卡西姆一个单一中心新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）收治的新生儿的死亡率、病因及相关因素。
本回顾性研究纳入了2023年1月至12月期间在沙特阿拉伯NICU收治的988例新生儿。通过一份由社会人口统计学数据、新生儿和母亲信息以及新生儿结局组成的问卷从医院记录中获取数据。进行了逻辑回归分析，并计算了调整后的优势比（AOR）和95%置信区间（CI）。
收集了970例新生儿（46.6%为女性）的数据并纳入分析。在这970例新生儿中，291例（30.0%）为早产，317例（32.7%）为低体重儿。总体而言，417例（43.0%）新生儿通过剖宫产分娩。早产（51.7%）、体温过低/低血糖（17.6%）、新生儿黄疸（11.4%）、先天性畸形（5.4%）、呼吸窘迫综合征（3.9%）和新生儿败血症/感染（3.1%）是入院时的主要诊断。19例（2.0%）新生儿在NICU住院期间死亡。单因素分析显示，早产（OR = 4.12，95%CI = 1.60 - 10.5）和低体重（OR = 5.9，95%CI = 2.13 - 16.77）与新生儿死亡几率增加相关。母亲年龄、子女数量、住院时间、分娩方式和新生儿性别与新生儿死亡率无关。在多变量逻辑回归分析中，低体重（AOR 4.2，95%CI = 1.24 - 14.39）与新生儿死亡率相关。
当前研究表明，早产、新生儿黄疸和先天性畸形是入住NICU的主要原因。新生儿死亡率低于其他地区，且与低体重有关。
