Luo Chaosheng, Li Ting, Huang You, Liu Taiqin, Dong Yan
Key Laboratory for Improving Quality and Productivity of Arable Land of Yunnan Province, College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Apr 1;23(1):262. doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03330-0.
Excessive soil cadmium (Cd) and the accumulation of pathogens pose serious threats to legume growth. However, it remains unclear whether intercropping (IFcd) and its combined treatment with silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) (IFcd + Si) can alleviate these challenges under Cd stress, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. This study systematically elucidated the mechanism of faba bean-wheat intercropping and Si-NPs regulating faba bean growth under Cd stress using rhizosphere metabolomics and 16 S rRNA microbiome analysis. The results showed that IFcd and IFcd + Si treatments significantly reduced Cd accumulation by 17.3% and 56.2%, and Fusarium wilt incidence by 11.1% and 33.3%, respectively, compared with monoculture faba bean (MFcd) while promoting root and plant growth. These treatments reduced oxidative stress markers, including HO, MDA, and O, and increased the activity of defense enzymes, such as SOD, APX, and POD in plants. Furthermore, they increased NH-N and available potassium levels in rhizosphere soils. Interestingly, the NH-N content increased and was significantly positively correlated with urease (URE) activity and negatively correlated with Cd. Beneficial bacteria and functional metabolites were enriched in the rhizosphere of faba bean. Joint analysis revealed increased relative abundances of Sphingomonas, Intrasporangium, and Streptomyces, which were positively correlated with antibacterial metabolites, such as sordarin, lactucin, and 15-methylpalmate. This explains the reduced Cd accumulation and Fusarium wilt in plants. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how intercropping with Si-NPs mitigates Cd stress and controls soil-borne diseases by regulating rhizosphere metabolites, bacterial communities, and plant resistance.
土壤中过量的镉（Cd）以及病原体的积累对豆类生长构成严重威胁。然而，间作（IFcd）及其与硅纳米颗粒（Si-NPs）的联合处理（IFcd + Si）是否能在镉胁迫下缓解这些挑战以及其中的潜在机制仍不清楚。本研究利用根际代谢组学和16S rRNA微生物组分析系统地阐明了蚕豆-小麦间作和Si-NPs在镉胁迫下调节蚕豆生长的机制。结果表明，与单作蚕豆（MFcd）相比，IFcd和IFcd + Si处理分别使镉积累显著降低了17.3%和56.2%，枯萎病发病率分别降低了11.1%和33.3%，同时促进了根系和植株生长。这些处理降低了包括HO、MDA和O在内的氧化应激标志物，并提高了植物中防御酶如SOD、APX和POD的活性。此外，它们还提高了根际土壤中NH-N和有效钾的含量。有趣的是，NH-N含量增加，且与脲酶（URE）活性显著正相关，与镉显著负相关。蚕豆根际有益细菌和功能代谢物得到富集。联合分析显示鞘氨醇单胞菌属、孢囊放线菌属和链霉菌属的相对丰度增加，它们与抗菌代谢物如苦马豆素、莴苣素和15-甲基棕榈酸呈正相关。这解释了植物中镉积累和枯萎病减少的原因。这些发现为与Si-NPs间作如何通过调节根际代谢物、细菌群落和植物抗性来减轻镉胁迫和控制土传病害提供了机制性见解。
