Bokemeyer Frederike, Kiefer Paulina, Schmidt Lea, Gali Kathleen
Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Center for Oncology, II. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2025 Apr 1;25(1):483. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-12646-4.
Tobacco consumption remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and is a significant preventable health concern. Despite the known benefits of smoking cessation, many smokers face difficulties in maintaining abstinence and preventing relapse. In Germany, approximately 30% of individuals aged 14 and older are smokers, which reflects low smoking cessation rates and limited use of evidence-based smoking cessation interventions.
This qualitative study aimed to explore experts' views on smoking cessation through interviews with health practitioners.
Fifteen semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals from diverse fields, including medical doctors, psychologists, and addiction therapists, from July to November 2022. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. A deductively developed categorization system was applied to identify sub-themes within categories and to systematically code the data. All data were thencategorized under two main categories: facilitators and barriers to smoking cessation.
Key facilitators included the self-motivation of participants, the communication skills of the intervention leader, and the provision of knowledge about addiction mechanisms. Important barriers were smokers' fears of quitting, external environmental pressures, and inadequate counseling structures.
The findings suggest that improving smoking cessation interventions in Germany require comprehensive strategies involving both structural adjustments in health care settings and enhanced training for tobacco treatment specialists.
烟草消费仍然是全球发病和死亡的主要原因，是一个重大的可预防的健康问题。尽管已知戒烟有益，但许多吸烟者在保持戒烟状态和防止复吸方面面临困难。在德国，约30%的14岁及以上人群吸烟，这反映出戒烟率较低，且基于证据的戒烟干预措施使用有限。
本定性研究旨在通过与健康从业者访谈，探讨专家对戒烟的看法。
2022年7月至11月，对来自不同领域的专业人员进行了15次半结构化深度访谈，这些专业人员包括医生、心理学家和成瘾治疗师。采用定性内容分析法对数据进行分析。应用一个演绎发展的分类系统来识别类别中的子主题并对数据进行系统编码。然后将所有数据归类为两个主要类别：戒烟的促进因素和障碍。
关键促进因素包括参与者的自我激励、干预领导者的沟通技巧以及提供关于成瘾机制的知识。重要障碍包括吸烟者对戒烟的恐惧、外部环境压力和咨询结构不足。
研究结果表明，在德国改善戒烟干预措施需要综合策略，包括医疗保健机构的结构调整和对烟草治疗专家的强化培训。
