Plank Simon, Ciancia Emanuele, Genzano Nicola, Falconieri Alfredo, Martinis Sandro, Taubenböck Hannes, Pergola Nicola, Marchese Francesco
German Aerospace Center DLR, German Remote Sensing Data Center, 82234, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, 85050, Potenza, Tito Scalo, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 3;15(1):11508. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95197-2.
On September 9, 2022, a new eruption period began at the submarine volcano Home Reef, part of the Tonga Volcanic Arc. We integrated multi-sensor/multi-platform satellite datasets, including very high spatial resolution TerraSAR-X radar and PlanetScope multispectral data, together with Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8/9 as well as MODIS and VIIRS thermal data to monitor and characterize this latest eruption at Home Reef over a two-year period. Here, we present the results from this multi-sensor approach, used to investigate eruption dynamics (thermal activity and relative intensity level) and delineate changes in the shape and area of the newly formed island. The eruption showed four distinct phases: During September-October 2022, lava flows formed a ~ 54,900 m² circular island. In the following three eruption phases, the island grew towards the south (September-November 2023) and east (January 2024 and June-September 2024), expanding the island's area to over 122,000 m². During each subsequent phase, the eruptive vent migrated toward the side of the island where the most erosion had occurred since the previous phase. This has implications for volcanic and tsunami hazards from island-forming eruptions of this type.
2022年9月9日，汤加火山弧一部分的霍姆礁海底火山开始了一个新的喷发期。我们整合了多传感器/多平台卫星数据集，包括极高空间分辨率的TerraSAR-X雷达和PlanetScope多光谱数据，以及哨兵-2和陆地卫星-8/9以及中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）和可见红外成像辐射仪组（VIIRS）热数据，在两年时间里监测和描述霍姆礁的此次最新喷发。在此，我们展示这种多传感器方法的结果，该方法用于研究喷发动态（热活动和相对强度水平）并描绘新形成岛屿的形状和面积变化。此次喷发呈现出四个不同阶段：在2022年9月至10月期间，熔岩流形成了一个面积约54,900平方米的圆形岛屿。在随后的三个喷发阶段，该岛屿向南（2023年9月至11月）和向东（2024年1月以及2024年6月至9月）生长，将岛屿面积扩大到超过122,000平方米。在每个后续阶段，喷发口都朝着自上一阶段以来侵蚀最严重的岛屿一侧迁移。这对这种形成岛屿的火山喷发所带来的火山和海啸危害具有影响。
