一种以MAP1LC3/LC3和SQSTM1为核心标志物测量自噬通量的非荧光免疫组织化学方法。
A non-fluorescent immunohistochemistry method for measuring autophagy flux using MAP1LC3/LC3 and SQSTM1 as core markers.
作者信息
Shojaei Shahla, Barzegar Behrooz Amir, Cordani Marco, Aghaei Mahmoud, Azarpira Negar, Klionsky Daniel J, Ghavami Saeid
机构信息
Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
出版信息
FEBS Open Bio. 2025 Jun;15(6):898-905. doi: 10.1002/2211-5463.70014. Epub 2025 Apr 3.
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a crucial cellular process for degrading and recycling damaged proteins and organelles, playing a significant role in diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Evaluating autophagy flux, which tracks autophagosome formation, maturation, and degradation, is essential for understanding disease mechanisms. Current fluorescence-based methods are resource-intensive, requiring advanced equipment and expertise, limiting their use in clinical laboratories. Here, we introduce a non-fluorescent immunohistochemistry (IHC) method using MAP1LC3/LC3 and SQSTM1 as core markers for autophagy flux assessment. LC3 levels reflect autophagosome formation, whereas SQSTM1 degradation and a decrease in the number of its puncta indicate active flux (i.e., lysosomal turnover). We optimized chromogenic detection using diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining and developed a scoring system based on puncta number and the percentage of stained cells. This accessible, cost-effective method enables reliable autophagy quantification using a standard light microscope, bridging the gap between experimental research and clinical diagnostics. Our protocol allows accurate autophagy evaluation in fixed tissues, offering practical applications in biomedical research and clinical pathology assessment.
巨自噬/自噬是细胞降解和循环利用受损蛋白质及细胞器的关键过程,在癌症和神经退行性疾病等病症中发挥着重要作用。评估自噬通量(其追踪自噬体的形成、成熟和降解过程)对于理解疾病机制至关重要。当前基于荧光的方法资源消耗大,需要先进设备和专业知识,限制了它们在临床实验室中的应用。在此,我们介绍一种非荧光免疫组织化学(IHC)方法,该方法使用微管相关蛋白1轻链3(MAP1LC3)/轻链3(LC3)和p62(SQSTM1)作为评估自噬通量的核心标志物。LC3水平反映自噬体的形成,而SQSTM1的降解及其斑点数量的减少则表明活跃的通量(即溶酶体周转)。我们使用二氨基联苯胺(DAB)染色优化了显色检测,并基于斑点数量和染色细胞百分比开发了一种评分系统。这种易于使用且经济高效的方法能够使用标准光学显微镜进行可靠的自噬定量,弥合了实验研究与临床诊断之间的差距。我们的方案能够在固定组织中进行准确的自噬评估,在生物医学研究和临床病理学评估中具有实际应用价值。