Garale Mahadeo N, Rewatkar Ajinkya K, Moktali Akhilesh V, Dalvi Abhay
General Surgery, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, IND.
Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Mar 9;17(3):e80283. doi: 10.7759/cureus.80283. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common healthcare-associated infections, significantly increasing postoperative morbidity, healthcare costs, and mortality. Emergency laparotomies carry a higher risk due to patient and procedural factors. This study aimed to determine the incidence, microbial patterns, and risk factors for SSIs in patients undergoing emergency laparotomies. Methodology A prospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in India from January 2018 to August 2019. Patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgeries were included. Data on patient demographics, perioperative practices, and outcomes were collected. Microbial culture and antibiotic sensitivity were analyzed for SSI cases. Statistical analysis identified significant risk factors. Results Of the 249 patients studied, the incidence of SSI was 17.12%, with 66% superficial, 29.5% deep, and 4.5% organ/space infections. Common pathogens included (34%) and (15.9%). Risk factors significantly associated with SSIs included tobacco consumption (p = 0.0065), anemia (p = 0.0327), hypoproteinemia (p = 0.0016), obesity (p = 0.0030), and the use of drains (p = 0.0077). Conclusions SSIs remain a significant complication following emergency laparotomies. Implementing evidence-based protocols, including timely antibiotic prophylaxis and optimizing perioperative care, can reduce the burden of SSIs in resource-limited settings.
手术部位感染（SSIs）是最常见的医疗相关感染，显著增加术后发病率、医疗成本和死亡率。由于患者和手术因素，急诊剖腹手术的风险更高。本研究旨在确定急诊剖腹手术患者SSIs的发生率、微生物模式和危险因素。方法：2018年1月至2019年8月在印度一家三级护理医院进行了一项前瞻性观察研究。纳入接受急诊腹部手术的患者。收集患者人口统计学、围手术期做法和结果的数据。对SSI病例进行微生物培养和抗生素敏感性分析。统计分析确定了显著的危险因素。结果：在249例研究患者中，SSI的发生率为17.12%，其中浅表感染占66%，深部感染占29.5%，器官/腔隙感染占4.5%。常见病原体包括（34%）和（15.9%）。与SSIs显著相关的危险因素包括吸烟（p = 0.0065）、贫血（p = 0.0327）、低蛋白血症（p = 0.0016）、肥胖（p = 0.0030）和使用引流管（p = 0.0077）。结论：SSIs仍然是急诊剖腹手术后的一个重要并发症。实施循证方案，包括及时的抗生素预防和优化围手术期护理，可以减轻资源有限环境中SSIs的负担。
