Šigutová Hana, Pyszko Petr, Bílková Eva, Dolný Aleš
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia.
Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.
Glob Chang Biol. 2025 Apr;31(4):e70183. doi: 10.1111/gcb.70183.
Freshwater diversity is declining at an alarming rate worldwide, and climate change is a key driver. However, attributing biological shifts solely to climate warming remains challenging because of confounding anthropogenic stressors. Peatbogs, being highly conserved, strictly protected, and minimally disturbed, offer a unique study system to isolate climate effects. We compared odonate assemblages in 27 Central European raised and transitional bogs between two sets of standardized surveys approximately 20 years apart (1998-2006 and 2020-2024). During this period, the mean annual air temperature has increased by 1.23°C. We tracked species richness, composition, taxonomic diversity, and functional traits (thermal tolerance, conservation value indicators, and selected morphological and life-history traits) and also examined phylogenetic patterns of species turnover. Although species richness remained stable, assemblage composition shifted markedly from cold-adapted, vulnerable bog specialists toward warm-adapted habitat generalists with lower conservation value. Notably, Ponto-Mediterranean species and those with a lower upper elevational limit increased their occupancy. Although the phylogenetic signal across the evolutionary tree of odonates was low, implying that the responses of the species to climate change were independent of their phylogenetic position, we revealed frequent genus-level replacements. These findings reinforce the position of odonates as a model group for detecting climate-driven changes in freshwater communities. Our study has revealed that climate warming alone can trigger profound reorganization of insect communities in inherently stable peatbog habitats. Specific traits linked to vulnerability (e.g., thermal index, red list status) and specialization proved to be promising predictors of future shifts in odonatofauna of temperate peatlands. The pronounced changes documented here may precede irreversible transformations of these unique ecosystems, highlighting the urgency of monitoring bog habitats and maintaining their stability under ongoing global change.
全球范围内淡水生物多样性正以惊人的速度下降，气候变化是一个关键驱动因素。然而，由于混杂的人为压力源，将生物变化完全归因于气候变暖仍然具有挑战性。泥炭沼泽受到高度保护，干扰极小，提供了一个独特的研究系统来分离气候影响。我们比较了中欧27个高地泥炭沼泽和过渡性泥炭沼泽在两组标准化调查中的蜻蜓目昆虫群落，这两组调查相隔约20年（1998 - 2006年和2020 - 2024年）。在此期间，年平均气温上升了1.23°C。我们追踪了物种丰富度、组成、分类多样性和功能性状（耐热性、保护价值指标以及选定的形态和生活史性状），还研究了物种更替的系统发育模式。尽管物种丰富度保持稳定，但群落组成显著从适应寒冷的、易受影响的泥炭沼泽特有物种转向适应温暖的、保护价值较低的栖息地广布物种。值得注意的是， Pont - 地中海物种和海拔上限较低的物种增加了它们的占有率。尽管蜻蜓目的进化树上的系统发育信号较低，这意味着物种对气候变化的反应与其系统发育位置无关，但我们发现了频繁的属级替代。这些发现强化了蜻蜓目昆虫作为检测淡水群落中气候驱动变化的模型类群的地位。我们的研究表明，仅气候变暖就能在本质上稳定的泥炭沼泽栖息地引发昆虫群落的深刻重组。与脆弱性相关的特定性状（如热指数、红色名录状态）和特有性被证明是温带泥炭地蜻蜓目动物未来变化的有前景的预测指标。这里记录的显著变化可能先于这些独特生态系统的不可逆转转变，凸显了监测泥炭沼泽栖息地并在持续的全球变化下维持其稳定性的紧迫性。
