Lin Liying, Li Wanxin, Yan Lingjun, Guo Xiaoxiong, Zhuang Mingkai, Chen Fenglin, Ye Weimin
Department of Gastroenterology and Fujian Institute of Digestive Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China.
BMC Microbiol. 2025 Apr 9;25(1):202. doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-03926-4.
Variation in gastric cancer (GC) incidence across different geographic areas persists, even when there are similar prevalence rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. An extensive examination of the gastric microbiota in populations from both high- and low-risk regions of GC could help explain the geographical disparities in GC incidence.
This study enrolled a total of 130 patients with superficial gastritis (SG) and precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) from a high-risk area for GC and 205 patients from a low-risk area. Gastric microbial profiling was performed using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze differences in microbial composition between regions and lesion types.
The study revealed significant differences in gastric microbial profiles between patients from high- and low-risk regions, particularly in PLGC patients. PLGC patients from the low-risk region exhibited higher microbial richness than those from the high-risk area, with marked distinctions in microbial community structure between the two regions. Specific differences in microbial composition were observed at the phylum and genus levels between different regions. Six bacterial genera, including Selenomonas and Peptostreptococcus, were identified as enriched in PLGC patients from the high-risk area. Additionally, there was a noticeable imbalance in the microbiota of the gastric mucosal lining during the progression of gastric lesions.
This comparative analysis highlights the potential impact of the gastric microbiome in the development of GC and suggests that regional differences in microbial profiles may provide clues to the varying incidence rates of GC.
即使幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）感染的患病率相似，不同地理区域的胃癌（GC）发病率差异依然存在。对胃癌高风险和低风险地区人群的胃微生物群进行广泛检查，可能有助于解释胃癌发病率的地理差异。
本研究共纳入了130例来自胃癌高风险地区的浅表性胃炎（SG）和胃癌癌前病变（PLGC）患者，以及205例来自低风险地区的患者。使用16S rRNA基因测序进行胃微生物谱分析，以分析不同地区和病变类型之间微生物组成的差异。
该研究揭示了高风险和低风险地区患者之间胃微生物谱存在显著差异，尤其是在PLGC患者中。来自低风险地区的PLGC患者表现出比高风险地区患者更高的微生物丰富度，两个地区的微生物群落结构存在明显差异。在不同地区的门和属水平上观察到微生物组成的特定差异。包括嗜硒菌属和消化链球菌属在内的六个细菌属被确定在来自高风险地区的PLGC患者中富集。此外，在胃病变进展过程中，胃黏膜微生物群存在明显失衡。
这项比较分析突出了胃微生物组在胃癌发生发展中的潜在影响，并表明微生物谱的区域差异可能为胃癌发病率的变化提供线索。
