Dong Xiaoying, Qiu Yusong, Jia Nan, Wu Yinfeng, Nie Qing, Wen Jiahui, Zhao Chao, Zhai Yongzhen
Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Mar 26;12:1561119. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1561119. eCollection 2025.
Marine polysaccharides, particularly those derived from red, brown, and green algae, have shown promising antiviral activity. Among them, sulfated polysaccharides are particularly notable due to their broad-spectrum antiviral properties. These include direct viral destruction, inhibition of virus adsorption, disruption of viral transcription and replication, and the stimulation of the host's antiviral immunity. With low toxicity, minimal drug resistance, and excellent biocompatibility, these polysaccharides represent promising candidates for the development of antiviral medications. For instance, carrageenan, a polysaccharide from red algae, and fucoidan, a polymer from brown algae, have both been proven to effectively inhibit viral infections. Sulfated polysaccharides from green algae, such as those found in species, also exhibit antiviral properties, including activity against the Japanese encephalitis virus. These polysaccharides function by blocking the attachment of viruses to host cells or interfering with various stages of the viral life cycle. Moreover, marine polysaccharides have been shown to enhance host immune responses, thereby aiding in viral clearance. Although these findings highlight the antiviral potential of marine polysaccharides, most studies have been conducted or in animal models. Further clinical trials are necessary to validate their effectiveness and safety for therapeutic use.
海洋多糖，尤其是那些源自红藻、褐藻和绿藻的多糖，已显示出有前景的抗病毒活性。其中，硫酸化多糖因其广谱抗病毒特性而格外引人注目。这些特性包括直接破坏病毒、抑制病毒吸附、干扰病毒转录和复制，以及刺激宿主的抗病毒免疫。这些多糖毒性低、耐药性极小且生物相容性极佳，是开发抗病毒药物的有前景的候选物。例如，角叉菜胶（一种来自红藻的多糖）和岩藻依聚糖（一种来自褐藻的聚合物）都已被证明能有效抑制病毒感染。来自绿藻的硫酸化多糖，如在某些物种中发现的那些，也表现出抗病毒特性，包括对日本脑炎病毒的活性。这些多糖通过阻断病毒与宿主细胞的附着或干扰病毒生命周期的各个阶段来发挥作用。此外，海洋多糖已被证明能增强宿主免疫反应，从而有助于病毒清除。尽管这些发现突出了海洋多糖的抗病毒潜力，但大多数研究是在体外或动物模型中进行的。需要进一步的临床试验来验证它们在治疗用途上的有效性和安全性。
