Gao Zuer, Tian Jiaxin, Zhang Qiaoru, Sun Haoran, Jiang Qingkui, Zhang Tietao
Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Mar 21;15(7):908. doi: 10.3390/ani15070908.
This study examined the effects of dietary crude protein (CP: 18%, 15%) and crude fat (EE: 8%, 4%) levels, and their interactions, on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum indices, and rectal fecal microbiota in sika deer fawns during early wintering. A two-month 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted using 32 healthy five-month-old male fawns randomly assigned to four groups: P18E8 (18% CP, 8% EE), P18E4 (18% CP, 4% EE), P15E8 (15% CP, 8% EE), and P15E4 (15% CP, 4% EE). The P18E4 group showed the highest total weight gain and average daily gain ( < 0.05), along with greater apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, calcium, and fiber fractions ( < 0.05). Serum urea content was significantly lower in this group, indicating improved nitrogen utilization ( < 0.05). Dominant fecal microbiota at the phylum level across all groups included Firmicutes_A and Bacteroidota, with the P18E4 group showing a unique genus composition within , known for enhancing fiber digestion. In summary, a diet with 18% CP and 4% EE optimized growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut microbiota composition, providing a strategy for improving the health and productivity of sika deer fawns during overwintering.
本研究考察了日粮粗蛋白（CP：18%、15%）和粗脂肪（EE：8%、4%）水平及其交互作用对初冬梅花鹿幼鹿生长性能、养分消化率、血清指标和直肠粪便微生物群的影响。采用2×2析因试验，为期两个月，将32只健康的5月龄雄性幼鹿随机分为四组：P18E8（18%CP，8%EE）、P18E4（18%CP，4%EE）、P15E8（15%CP，8%EE）和P15E4（15%CP，4%EE）。P18E4组的总增重和平均日增重最高（<0.05），干物质、粗蛋白、钙和纤维组分的表观消化率也更高（<0.05）。该组血清尿素含量显著降低，表明氮利用率提高（<0.05）。所有组在门水平上的优势粪便微生物群包括厚壁菌门_A和拟杆菌门，P18E4组在拟杆菌门内显示出独特的属组成，以增强纤维消化而闻名。总之，含有18%CP和4%EE的日粮优化了生长性能、养分消化率和肠道微生物群组成，为提高梅花鹿幼鹿越冬期间的健康和生产力提供了一种策略。
