Luo Chuanwen, Zhang Yan, Zhang Juan, Hui Linyuan, Qi Ruisi, Han Yuxiang, Sun Xiang, Li Yifan, Wei Yufei, Zhang Yiwen, Sun Haoying, Li Ning, Zhang Bo
Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Art, North China University of China, Jinyuanzhuang Road 5, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China.
Beijing Historical Building Protection Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Mar 28;25(7):2153. doi: 10.3390/s25072153.
Skin is the largest organ of the human body and holds the functions of sensing, protecting, and regulating. Since ancient times, people have decorated their skin by painting themselves, cutting, and using accessories to express their personality and aesthetic consciousness as a kind of artistic expression, one that shows the development and change of aesthetic consciousness. However, there are concerns regarding the inconvenience, high time cost, and negative body perception with traditional tattoos. In addition, the trend of skin decoration has gradually withdrawn due to a lack of intelligent interaction. In response to these problems, we proposed a wearable electronic skin tattoo that offers a novel means of communication and emotional expression for individuals with communication impairments, WABEIT. The tattoo uses skin-friendly PDMS as the base material, combines multi-mode sensing components such as silver wire circuit, a programmable Surface-Mounted Device (SMD), a thin-film-pressure sensor, and a heart rate sensor, and combines the embedded development board Arduino Nano for intelligent interaction, forming a wearable electronic interactive tattoo capable of sensing the environment, human-computer interaction, and the changeable performance of intelligent perception. The sensor is also equipped with a mobile power supply to support portability. The advantages of WABEIT are as follows: first, it avoids the pain, allergy, and long production process of traditional tattoos. Second, the patterns can adapt to different needs and generate feedback for users, which can effectively express personal emotions. Thirdly, the facility of removal reduces social discrimination and occupational constraints, which is especially suitable for East Asia. Experimental results indicate that the device exhibits a high sensitivity in signal response, a wide variety of pattern changes, and reliable interactive capabilities. The study demonstrates that the proposed design philosophy and implementation strategy can be generalized to the interactive design of other wearable devices, thereby providing novel insights and methodologies for human-computer interaction, electronic devices, and sensor applications.
皮肤是人体最大的器官，具有感知、保护和调节功能。自古以来，人们就通过给自己涂画、切割和使用饰品来装饰皮肤，以此作为一种艺术表达形式来展现个性和审美意识，这也体现了审美意识的发展与变化。然而，传统纹身存在不便、耗时且对身体有负面认知等问题。此外，由于缺乏智能交互，皮肤装饰潮流逐渐式微。针对这些问题，我们提出了一种可穿戴电子皮肤纹身，为有沟通障碍的人提供了一种新颖的交流和情感表达手段，即WABEIT。该纹身采用对皮肤友好的聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）作为基础材料，结合了银线电路、可编程表面贴装器件（SMD）、薄膜压力传感器和心率传感器等多模式传感组件，并结合嵌入式开发板Arduino Nano进行智能交互，形成了一种能够感知环境、进行人机交互以及具备智能感知可变性能的可穿戴电子交互式纹身。该传感器还配备了移动电源以支持便携性。WABEIT的优点如下：第一，它避免了传统纹身的疼痛、过敏以及漫长的制作过程。第二，图案可以适应不同需求并为用户生成反馈，能够有效表达个人情感。第三，可移除的便利性减少了社会歧视和职业限制，这在东亚地区尤为适用。实验结果表明，该设备在信号响应方面具有高灵敏度、图案变化多样且交互能力可靠。研究表明，所提出的设计理念和实施策略可推广到其他可穿戴设备的交互设计中，从而为人机交互、电子设备和传感器应用提供新颖的见解和方法。
