Association between Gene Mutations and Colorectal Cancer in the Iranian Population: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and one of the most significant cancers affecting the Iranian population. This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between mutations in the gene and CRC.

METHODS

We conducted a search of six databases, including; Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SID, and Magiran up to Aug 10, 2024. Concepts in the search strategy were Iran, P53, and "Colorectal cancer". Original articles written in English or Persian that investigated the association between gene mutations and CRC in the Iranian population were included.

RESULTS

Out of 313 articles, 17 articles were included in the study. Six case-control studies investigated the association between the codon 72 polymorphism of the gene and colorectal cancer. Three studies found a significant difference in genotype frequencies of this polymorphism between CRC patients and healthy individuals. Exon 6 was shown to be one of the most common mutated exons in colorectal cancer. Mutations in exon 7 were associated with poor prognosis. The most common type of mutation was G to A mutation from exons 5 to 8 CpG sites.

CONCLUSION

The present study suggests a potential association between the presence of the Arg allele at codon 72 within the gene and a heightened susceptibility for developing and metastasizing CRC within the Iranian population. Furthermore, exons 5 to 8 of the gene suggests that mutations localized at these sites may portend a poor prognosis.