Ito Hiroshi, Oshida Jura, Fujita Minori, Kobayashi Daiki
Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Ami, Japan.
Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2025 Feb 28;2025:5590467. doi: 10.1155/cjid/5590467. eCollection 2025.
Bacterial infections exhibit seasonal variation, particularly in respiratory pathogens; however, whether similar trends exist for bacterial infections and resistance in Japan is unclear. This study examined seasonal and annual patterns of bacterial isolation rates and antimicrobial resistance in Japanese hospitals, utilizing data from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare's Nosocomial Infection Control Surveillance Project (JANIS) between 2014 and 2020. Data from JANIS included isolation rates and antimicrobial resistance for four bacterial species: , , , and . We modeled seasonal and annual trends using a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) (1, 1) model, controlling for hospital size. Analyses examined seasonal and annual trends in isolation rates and resistance patterns, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA), multidrug-resistant (MDRP), and carbapenem-resistant (CRPA), among others. The isolation rate of decreased annually, with the most pronounced decline observed from the second to the fourth quarters, particularly in smaller hospitals. The isolation rates of and increased annually, with significant seasonal peaks in the third and fourth quarters. Antimicrobial resistance showed annual declines for MRSA, MDRP, and CRPA, particularly in smaller hospitals. However, resistance rates for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and increased during the study period. This study demonstrates the distinct seasonal and annual trends in bacterial isolation and antimicrobial resistance in Japan. Smaller hospitals showed higher resistance rates, likely because of limited antimicrobial stewardship resources, underscoring the need for targeted interventions in these settings. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring seasonal patterns in bacterial infections and resistance to inform effective infection control and antimicrobial stewardship strategies.
细菌感染呈现季节性变化，尤其是呼吸道病原体；然而，日本细菌感染和耐药性是否存在类似趋势尚不清楚。本研究利用2014年至2020年期间厚生劳动省医院感染控制监测项目（JANIS）的数据，调查了日本医院细菌分离率和抗菌药物耐药性的季节性和年度模式。JANIS的数据包括四种细菌的分离率和抗菌药物耐药性： 、 、 和 。我们使用广义自回归条件异方差（GARCH）（1,1）模型对季节性和年度趋势进行建模，并控制医院规模。分析考察了分离率和耐药模式的季节性和年度趋势，包括耐甲氧西林 （MRSA）、多重耐药 （MDRP） 和耐碳青霉烯 （CRPA） 等。 的分离率逐年下降，第二季度至第四季度下降最为明显，尤其是在较小的医院。 和 的分离率逐年上升，第三季度和第四季度出现显著的季节性高峰。MRSA、MDRP和CRPA的抗菌药物耐药性呈年度下降趋势，尤其是在较小的医院。然而，在研究期间，对第三代头孢菌素耐药的 和 的耐药率有所上升。本研究证明了日本细菌分离和抗菌药物耐药性存在明显的季节性和年度趋势。较小的医院显示出较高的耐药率，可能是因为抗菌药物管理资源有限，这突出了在这些环境中进行有针对性干预的必要性。这些发现强调了监测细菌感染和耐药性季节性模式对于制定有效的感染控制和抗菌药物管理策略的重要性。
