Job Ann-Katrin, Brieske Lina-Theresa
Institut fur Psychologie, Fachbereich Klinische Psychologie II, Universität Kassel, Holländische Straße 36-38, 34127, Kassel, Deutschland.
Institut für Psychologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2025 May;68(5):548-559. doi: 10.1007/s00103-025-04043-3. Epub 2025 Apr 15.
On April 1, 2024, the new cannabis law came into force, legalizing the use of cannabis in Germany. Even before, Cannabis had been one of the most commonly used drugs. However, problematic cannabis use is related to a variety of health risks especially for adolescents and young adults. This study examines the development of cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood as well as risk and protective factors for problematic use among young adults.
The data come from the German longitudinal study "Future Family" (Start: 2001; 18-year follow-up: 2020-22). The sample includes N = 278 young adults (M = 22.3 years). Prevalence rates and the development of cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood are analyzed. Various child- and family-related variables from early childhood and adolescence are examined as potential risk and protective factors for problematic cannabis use.
The lifetime prevalence of cannabis use was 57.6%, and the prevalence of problematic use was 13.7%. Young men had a 3.3 times higher risk of problematic cannabis use compared to young women. Young adults who had already used cannabis at least once in their youth when surveyed had a 2.6 times higher risk of problematic use in young adulthood. The extent of mother-reported externalizing behavior problems in adolescence significantly predicted problematic use eight years later.
The results confirm that cannabis use and problematic use in young adulthood were not a rare phenomenon even before legalization. They highlight the need for both conditional and behavioral preventive actions and provide numerous starting points for future research.
2024年4月1日，德国新的大麻法律生效，大麻在德国的使用合法化。在此之前，大麻就一直是最常用的毒品之一。然而，有问题的大麻使用与多种健康风险相关，尤其是对青少年和青年而言。本研究考察了从青春期到青年期大麻使用的发展情况以及青年期有问题使用的风险和保护因素。
数据来自德国纵向研究“未来家庭”（开始时间：2001年；18年随访：2020 - 2022年）。样本包括N = 278名青年（平均年龄M = 22.3岁）。分析了大麻使用的患病率以及从青春期到青年期的发展情况。考察了来自幼儿期和青春期的各种与儿童及家庭相关的变量，作为有问题大麻使用的潜在风险和保护因素。
大麻使用的终生患病率为57.6%，有问题使用的患病率为13.7%。青年男性有问题大麻使用的风险是青年女性的3.3倍。在接受调查时青年时期至少使用过一次大麻的青年，在青年期有问题使用的风险高2.6倍。母亲报告的青春期外化行为问题的程度显著预测了八年后的有问题使用情况。
结果证实，即使在合法化之前，青年期的大麻使用和有问题使用也并非罕见现象。它们凸显出既有条件预防行动又有行为预防行动的必要性，并为未来研究提供了众多切入点。
