King Robbie, Downer Terri, Lord Bill, Flanagan Belinda, Oprescu Florin
Faculty of Heath Sciences, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia.
Res Nurs Health. 2025 Aug;48(4):508-521. doi: 10.1002/nur.22468. Epub 2025 Apr 16.
Application of qualitative enquiry is necessary to improve the understanding of patient experience during paramedic-led healthcare. Grounded Theory (GT) is acknowledged as a rigorous qualitative methodology useful for exploring social processes present during healthcare, particularly when little existing knowledge or theory exists. Despite wide use of GT in other health disciplines there are few studies that have used this methodology to guide research in paramedicine. This may be due to GT methods appearing complex and disorientating for both novice and experienced researchers. This methodological article provides a practical example of how Kathy Charmaz's "constructivist" approach to grounded theory (GTc) was applied during research that explored how patients experience paramedic-led healthcare during non-conveyance situations. It explains the fundamental tenets required of GTc research and describes how they were employed during the example research. The article aims to demystify the GTc process and improve the rigour of qualitative GTc research in paramedicine and health disciplines. How to apply Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology is described by providing a practical example of research into patient experience. This article informs researchers how to maintain trustworthiness and credibility when applying GTc methodology. This article describes research that explored how patients experience paramedic-led healthcare. The data was generated through individual interviews between the researcher and patients who had recent experiences of ambulance service healthcare that resulted in not being transported to a hospital ED. Patients or the public were not involved in the conceptualisation or research design of this article or the practical example provided.
应用定性研究对于增进对护理人员主导的医疗保健过程中患者体验的理解是必要的。扎根理论（GT）被认为是一种严谨的定性方法，有助于探索医疗保健过程中存在的社会过程，特别是在现有知识或理论较少的情况下。尽管GT在其他健康学科中广泛应用，但很少有研究使用这种方法来指导护理医学研究。这可能是因为GT方法对于新手和经验丰富的研究人员来说都显得复杂且令人困惑。这篇方法学文章提供了一个实际例子，说明凯西·查马兹的“建构主义”扎根理论方法（GTc）在一项研究中的应用，该研究探讨了患者在非转运情况下如何体验护理人员主导的医疗保健。文章解释了GTc研究所需的基本原理，并描述了在实例研究中它们是如何应用的。本文旨在揭开GTc过程的神秘面纱，提高护理医学和健康学科中定性GTc研究的严谨性。通过提供一个关于患者体验研究的实际例子，描述了如何应用建构主义扎根理论方法。本文告知研究人员在应用GTc方法时如何保持可信度和可靠性。本文描述了一项探索患者如何体验护理人员主导的医疗保健的研究。数据是通过研究人员与近期有过救护车服务医疗保健经历但未被送往医院急诊科的患者之间的个人访谈产生的。患者或公众未参与本文或所提供实际例子的概念化或研究设计。
