Sahu Pradeep, Patel Ashok Raj, Pandey Abhilash, Verma Vibha
Department of Chemistry, Dr. C. V. Raman University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh- 495113, India.
Department of Chemistry, Guru GhasidasViswavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh- 495009, India.
J Fluoresc. 2025 Apr 16. doi: 10.1007/s10895-025-04292-0.
Fluorescent rhodamine sensors (FRS) have emerged as highly effective tools for detecting metal ions. These sensors coordinate with metal ions with specific donor atoms in the rhodamine structure, which led to the significant changes in fluorescence properties such as quenching or enhancement, of rhodamine. This paper explores the sensing mechanisms behind the detection of mercury (Hg⁺), iron (Fe⁺/Fe⁺), and copper (Cu⁺) in water. The metal ions often interact with the thiol, amine, and carboxyl groups of FRS which results in alterations to the electrons and produces measurable spectroscopic changes. The ability of these sensors provides real-time, sensitive, and selective detection of metals for monitoring water quality in industrial, environmental, and biomedical applications. Additionally, the novelty of this research lies in the development of FRS based multi-metal detection systems that allow simultaneous analysis of multiple ions viz., Hg⁺, Fe⁺, Fe⁺, and Cu⁺. This feature advocates the utility of FRS in complex water samples. The characterization of FRS includes NMR, Mass, and FTIR techniques, while the evaluation of sensing efficacy of FRS for metal ions involves spectroscopic and imaging methods. The integration of these sensors into portable devices and smart monitoring systems opens new avenues for real-time metal monitoring and metal pollution control. This paper highlights the current advancements, challenges, and prospects of FRS and emphasises their role in ensuring safer water and environmental sustainability.
荧光罗丹明传感器（FRS）已成为检测金属离子的高效工具。这些传感器通过罗丹明结构中特定的供体原子与金属离子配位，这导致罗丹明的荧光性质发生显著变化，如猝灭或增强。本文探讨了水中汞（Hg⁺）、铁（Fe⁺/Fe⁺）和铜（Cu⁺）检测背后的传感机制。金属离子通常与FRS的硫醇、胺和羧基相互作用，从而导致电子变化并产生可测量的光谱变化。这些传感器能够实时、灵敏且选择性地检测金属，可用于工业、环境和生物医学应用中的水质监测。此外，本研究的新颖之处在于开发了基于FRS的多金属检测系统，该系统能够同时分析多种离子，即Hg⁺、Fe⁺、Fe⁺和Cu⁺。这一特性表明FRS在复杂水样中具有实用性。FRS的表征包括核磁共振（NMR）、质谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）技术，而评估FRS对金属离子的传感效能则涉及光谱和成像方法。将这些传感器集成到便携式设备和智能监测系统中，为实时金属监测和金属污染控制开辟了新途径。本文重点介绍了FRS的当前进展、挑战和前景，并强调了它们在确保更安全的水和环境可持续性方面的作用。
