Wu Mengying, Zhou Qian, Sun Yasai, Zhou Liangfu, Li Dongyao, Ren Ting, Zheng Yu, Zhao Wen, Wang Jie
College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
Foods. 2025 Mar 28;14(7):1186. doi: 10.3390/foods14071186.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a nonprotein amino acid, which confers stress resistance to plants. Precise mechanisms underlying GABA accumulation in quinoa () subjected to dark and ultrasonic stresses have not been elucidated. We conducted transcriptome and metabolome analyses of quinoa samples exposed to various stress treatments to reveal molecular pathways leading to GABA accumulation. Through the comprehensive integration of metabolome and transcriptome data, an association was revealed between GABA accumulation, 9 differentially expressed metabolites, and 27 differentially expressed genes. Two pathways responsible for GABA synthesis were identified, involving glutamate decarboxylase and aldehyde dehydrogenases, respectively. These enzymes regulate the enrichment of GABA in quinoa under dark and ultrasonic stress conditions. We demonstrated that under ultrasonic stress, proline and alanine increased, whereas glutamate and arginine declined. Phenolic acid, flavonoids, and alkaloid metabolites increased. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanism by which darkness and ultrasound stress enhance GABA, supporting the development of targeted synthetic biology techniques.
γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是一种非蛋白质氨基酸，它赋予植物抗逆性。藜麦在黑暗和超声胁迫下GABA积累的精确机制尚未阐明。我们对经过各种胁迫处理的藜麦样本进行了转录组和代谢组分析，以揭示导致GABA积累的分子途径。通过代谢组和转录组数据的综合整合，揭示了GABA积累、9种差异表达代谢物和27种差异表达基因之间的关联。确定了两条负责GABA合成的途径，分别涉及谷氨酸脱羧酶和醛脱氢酶。这些酶调节黑暗和超声胁迫条件下藜麦中GABA的富集。我们证明，在超声胁迫下，脯氨酸和丙氨酸增加，而谷氨酸和精氨酸减少。酚酸、黄酮类和生物碱代谢物增加。这些发现为黑暗和超声胁迫增强GABA的机制提供了新的见解，支持了靶向合成生物学技术的发展。
