Ahmed Muhammad Mahmood, Mukheed Muhammad, Tariq Tuba, Hasan Murtaza, Shaaban Muhammad, Mustafa Ghazala, Hatami Mehrnaz
Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Apr 16;25(1):482. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06514-w.
Arsenic is a nonessential toxic metalloid hampering the growth and development of plants. The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is of great economic importance in the textile industry as well as in the production of edible oil. In developing countries, especially Pakistan, the export of cotton has a distinct position. However, there has been a significant decline in cotton production over the past few years due to climate change, heavy metals induction and biotic stresses. A notable decrease in cotton growth and product is observed in response to arsenic stress. Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPS) were prepared by green chemistry approach and characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, and XRD to mitigate the heavy metals induced toxicity in cotton seedling. Results shows that arsenic toxicity causes a drastic decrease in photosynthesis, phenolics, proteins, growth of seedlings, relative water content, and overall plant biomass. However, these physio-biochemical attributes were upregulated by applications of Se NPs. Moreover, As stress causes severe oxidative damage by overproduction of MDA, HO and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The supplementation of SeNPs positively regulate the As stress in cotton seedlings by altering important antioxidant enzymes involved in ROS detoxification such as SOD, POD, and CAT. Se NPs ameliorate the toxicity by increasing activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The accumulation of As in roots alter the architecture of roots including reduced branching of roots. Current results suggest that the applications of selenium nanoparticles especially 20 mg/L concentration confidently alleviate the As induced toxicity in cotton seedlings.
砷是一种非必需的有毒类金属，会阻碍植物的生长和发育。棉花（陆地棉）在纺织工业以及食用油生产中具有重要的经济意义。在发展中国家，尤其是巴基斯坦，棉花出口占有显著地位。然而，由于气候变化、重金属诱导和生物胁迫，过去几年棉花产量大幅下降。在砷胁迫下，棉花的生长和产量显著降低。采用绿色化学方法制备了硒纳米颗粒（Se NPs），并通过紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射对其进行了表征，以减轻重金属对棉苗的毒性。结果表明，砷毒性导致光合作用、酚类物质、蛋白质、棉苗生长、相对含水量和植物总生物量急剧下降。然而，通过施用Se NPs，这些生理生化特性得到了上调。此外，砷胁迫通过过量产生丙二醛、过氧化氢和活性氧（ROS）造成严重的氧化损伤。Se NPs的添加通过改变参与ROS解毒的重要抗氧化酶，如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶，对棉苗中的砷胁迫起到正向调节作用。Se NPs通过增加酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂的活性来减轻毒性。砷在根部的积累改变了根的结构，包括根分支减少。目前的结果表明，施用硒纳米颗粒，尤其是20 mg/L的浓度，能够可靠地减轻砷对棉苗的毒性。
