Rakhshani Tayebeh, Masoomi Rahim, Yousefi Masoud, Kamyab Amirhossein, Taravatmanesh Samira, Jeihooni Ali Khani
Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Apr 17;25(1):1448. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22711-6.
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent health issue globally, with numerous research studies indicating that teenage girls in impoverished nations have a high incidence of this condition. Thus, the goal of this study is to figure out how education grounded in the theory of planned behavior (TPB) can prevent IDA in female high school students.
In Shiraz, Iran, 160 girls between the ages of 14 and 19 participated in this quasi-experimental study. Random sampling was used, and participants were randomly allocated to two experimental and control groups (each having 80 members). A questionnaire formed on the TPB was used as the data-collecting method, and both groups completed it pre- and four months post intervention. The educational program for the experimental group had six 50-60 min sessions that were conducted in schools using three different teaching styles (speaking, question and answer, and group discussion). After putting the data into the SPSS-24 statistical program, paired t, independent t, and chi-square tests were used to look at them.
Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of attitude (P = 0.213), subjective norms (P = 0.451), perceived behavioral control (P = 0.216), behavioral intention (P = 0.212), or behavior (P = 0.547). However, following the intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mentioned constructs (P = 0.001).
In the present study, education based on the TPB could successfully affect the nutritional behaviors for preventing IDA in girls aged 14-19 years. Probably, the results of this research can be used for students and their families and provide information for designing and planning interventions to prevent this disease among students at the disposal of subordinate organizations such as education, schools, universities of medical sciences, health centers, and nutrition clinics.
缺铁性贫血（IDA）是全球普遍存在的健康问题，众多研究表明贫困国家的少女患此病的几率很高。因此，本研究的目的是弄清楚基于计划行为理论（TPB）的教育如何预防女高中生患缺铁性贫血。
在伊朗设拉子，160名年龄在14至19岁之间的女孩参与了这项准实验研究。采用随机抽样，参与者被随机分配到两个实验组和对照组（每组80人）。以TPB为基础编制的问卷用作数据收集方法，两组在干预前和干预后四个月都完成了该问卷。实验组的教育计划有六次时长为50 - 60分钟的课程，在学校采用三种不同的教学方式（讲授、问答和小组讨论）进行。将数据录入SPSS - 24统计程序后，使用配对t检验、独立t检验和卡方检验进行分析。
干预前，两组在态度（P = 0.213）、主观规范（P = 0.451）、感知行为控制（P = 0.216）、行为意图（P = 0.212）或行为（P = 0.547）方面没有显著差异。然而，干预后，两组在上述构念方面存在显著差异（P = 0.001）。
在本研究中，基于TPB的教育能够成功影响14至19岁女孩预防缺铁性贫血的营养行为。本研究结果或许可用于学生及其家庭，并为教育、学校、医学大学、健康中心和营养诊所等下属机构设计和规划预防学生患此病的干预措施提供信息。
