Najafi Siamak, Mohammadkhah Fatemeh, Salemi Saina Alempour, Kamyab Amirhossein, Jeihooni Ali Khani
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Department of Community health, child nursing and aging, Ramsar School of Nursing, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
BMC Cancer. 2025 Jan 23;25(1):129. doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-13558-6.
Gastric cancer remains a significant global health issue due to its aggressive nature and high heterogeneity, making early detection and prevention critical. Obesity and smoking are established risk factors that significantly contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Despite the clear links between these risk factors and the disease, there is a lack of targeted educational interventions that address these behaviors. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the impact of an educational intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on promoting preventive behaviors for gastric cancer among obese and smoking individuals.
This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2021-2022 on 150 obese or overweight individuals, more than 25 years old who smoked (cigarettes and hookah) in Fasa city, Iran. From six urban health centers, two centers were randomly selected (one as the experimental group and the other as the control group). Data collection tools included a demographic characteristics questionnaire based on the TPB model (a researcher-made questionnaire). Based on pre-test results, the educational intervention for the experimental group included 12 educational sessions for 50 min, following the TPB model, through lectures, Question and Answers, group discussions, practical demonstrations, video clips, and PowerPoint presentations. The questionnaires were completed by both groups before and six months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and descriptive and analytical statistical methods (paired t- test, McNemar test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test) (p < 0.05).
The results showed no significant difference between the two groups before the educational intervention. However, six months after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in TPB model cues (awareness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior) (P < 0.001).
The findings of the present study indicate that the educational intervention based on the TPB model is useful in improving gastric cancer screening and preventive behaviors. It can also be used in planning and implementing appropriate programs to prevent and treat this disease.
由于胃癌具有侵袭性和高度异质性，它仍然是一个重大的全球健康问题，因此早期检测和预防至关重要。肥胖和吸烟是已确定的风险因素，对胃癌的发展有重大影响。尽管这些风险因素与疾病之间存在明确联系，但缺乏针对这些行为的针对性教育干预措施。本研究旨在通过调查基于计划行为理论（TPB）的教育干预对促进肥胖和吸烟人群预防胃癌行为的影响来填补这一空白。
这项准实验研究于2021年至2022年在伊朗法萨市对150名年龄超过25岁的肥胖或超重且吸烟（香烟和水烟）的个体进行。从六个城市健康中心中随机选择两个中心（一个作为实验组，另一个作为对照组）。数据收集工具包括基于TPB模型的人口统计学特征问卷（一份研究者自制问卷）。根据预测试结果，实验组的教育干预包括按照TPB模型进行的12次每次50分钟的教育课程，通过讲座、问答、小组讨论、实际演示、视频片段和PowerPoint演示文稿进行。两组在干预前和干预后六个月完成问卷。使用SPSS 22以及描述性和分析性统计方法（配对t检验、McNemar检验、卡方检验和独立t检验）对数据进行分析（p < 0.05）。
结果显示在教育干预前两组之间无显著差异。然而，干预六个月后，实验组在TPB模型线索（意识、态度、主观规范、感知行为控制、行为意图和行为）方面有显著增加（P < 0.001）。
本研究结果表明基于TPB模型的教育干预在改善胃癌筛查和预防行为方面是有用的。它还可用于规划和实施预防和治疗该疾病的适当项目。
