Basaqr Reem O, Albajri Eram A, Khan Muhammad A, Naseeb Manal A, Altasan Asma A, Alshihabi Renad A, AlHarbi Shahad T, Khan Mohammad I
Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Apr 18;104(16):e42172. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042172.
A major risk for developing diabetes is prediabetes (Pre-DM). Assessing knowledge, attitude, and dietary practice (KAP) regarding Pre-DM plays a crucial role in decreasing complications. Limited previous studies on KAP among prediabetic patients exist. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Pre-DM using the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) indicator as well as the degree of awareness among Saudi participants in Jeddah about Pre-DM KAP across their body mass index (BMI) categories. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 large public malls, targeting 310 Saudi adults aged 30 to 55 who had no prior diagnosis of diabetes or any chronic disease. A valid questionnaire was used to assess prediabetic KAP. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, including BMI, fat%, trunk%, and waist to hip ratio. Random blood glucose and HbA1c% were also measured to diagnose Pre-DM. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). In the final analysis, 290 participants were included. Pre-DM was found in 23.1% of participants, diabetes in 3.4%, and 73.4% were normal. Obesity was observed to be strongly associated with Pre-DM compared to a normal BMI (P = .04). Out of the participants, 44.8% had poor knowledge of Pre-DM, and 44.2% of them were overweight. Additionally, 49.8% of the total sample had a neutral attitude, with 55.7% being obese. 53.4% of the total sample reported good practice, with 33% of them being obese. Furthermore, it was found that BMI was significantly associated with knowledge (P = .025) but not with attitude or practice (P > .005). KAP results demonstrated average knowledge with a trend towards poor level, neutral attitudes, and good practice in Pre-DM among the studied Saudis sample. Interestingly, BMI was only correlated to knowledge, but not with practice or attitude, suggesting that raising public awareness is essential to improving Pre-DM prevention. Longitudinal studies with a larger sample size are warranted to better establish causality between knowledge, attitude, and dietary practices.
患糖尿病的一个主要风险是糖尿病前期（Pre-DM）。评估关于糖尿病前期的知识、态度和饮食习惯（KAP）对于减少并发症起着至关重要的作用。先前关于糖尿病前期患者KAP的研究有限。本研究旨在使用糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c%）指标确定糖尿病前期的患病率，以及吉达的沙特参与者对不同体重指数（BMI）类别下糖尿病前期KAP的知晓程度。在2个大型公共购物中心开展了一项横断面研究，目标是310名年龄在30至55岁之间、既往未被诊断患有糖尿病或任何慢性病的沙特成年人。使用一份有效的问卷来评估糖尿病前期KAP。通过人体测量收集数据，包括BMI、脂肪百分比、躯干百分比和腰臀比。还测量了随机血糖和HbA1c%以诊断糖尿病前期。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）对数据进行分析。最终分析纳入了290名参与者。发现23.1%的参与者患有糖尿病前期，3.4%患有糖尿病，73.4%为正常。与正常BMI相比，观察到肥胖与糖尿病前期密切相关（P = 0.04）。在参与者中，44.8%对糖尿病前期知识了解不足，其中44.2%超重。此外，总样本中有49.8%持中立态度，其中55.7%肥胖。总样本中有53.4%报告饮食习惯良好，其中33%肥胖。此外，发现BMI与知识显著相关（P = 0.025），但与态度或饮食习惯无关（P > 0.005）。KAP结果显示，在所研究的沙特样本中，对糖尿病前期的知识水平一般且有向较差水平发展的趋势，态度中立，饮食习惯良好。有趣的是，BMI仅与知识相关，与饮食习惯或态度无关，这表明提高公众意识对于改善糖尿病前期预防至关重要。有必要进行更大样本量的纵向研究，以更好地确定知识、态度和饮食习惯之间的因果关系。
