Lavandero Blas, Maldonado-Santos Enrique, Muñoz-Quilodran Estefania, González-Chang Mauricio, Zepeda-Paulo Francisca, Salazar-Rojas Ángel, Villegas Cinthya
Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca 3460000, Chile.
Instituto de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5091000, Chile.
Insects. 2025 Mar 10;16(3):286. doi: 10.3390/insects16030286.
Agricultural land use and its disruption of natural landscapes threaten the provision of ecosystem services, such as biological control by natural enemies, because of habitat simplification and management intensification. However, most studies that evaluate the effect of local management practices rarely identify and include other important predictors such as landscape compositional values. We studied the effect of adding flower strips at farms on the control of aphids in a seminatural habitat (SNH) gradient. We found significantly less aphids on farms with flower strips and more SNH at the second sampling date as well as a greater proportion of mummies with flowers early in the season, with a greater proportion of mummies at a greater %SNH at the end of the season. Foraging predators responded to the %SNH of farms without flowers only on the second sampling date, which coincided with their highest mean abundances. Our data suggests that aphid parasitism was enhanced by flowers, having a potential effect early in the season, which ultimately explained the reduction in aphid numbers thereafter. On the other hand, the effects perceived on predator abundances seemed to be more date- and landscape-sensitive. Flower strips of faba beans and buckwheat in the field as well as the %SNH surrounding farms positively affected and could therefore be an important management strategy to decrease densities in brassica crops.
农业土地利用及其对自然景观的破坏，由于栖息地简化和管理集约化，威胁到生态系统服务的提供，如天敌的生物防治。然而，大多数评估当地管理实践效果的研究很少识别并纳入其他重要的预测因素，如景观组成价值。我们研究了在农场添加花带对半自然栖息地（SNH）梯度上蚜虫控制的影响。我们发现，在第二次采样时，有花带的农场蚜虫数量显著减少，SNH更多，并且在季节早期有花时木乃伊的比例更高，在季节结束时，在更高比例的SNH中木乃伊的比例更高。觅食性捕食者仅在第二次采样时对没有花的农场的SNH百分比做出反应，这与它们的最高平均丰度相吻合。我们的数据表明，花增强了蚜虫寄生，在季节早期具有潜在影响，这最终解释了此后蚜虫数量的减少。另一方面，对捕食者丰度的影响似乎对日期和景观更敏感。田间的蚕豆和荞麦花带以及农场周围的SNH百分比产生了积极影响，因此可能是降低十字花科作物蚜虫密度的重要管理策略。
