Freitas Letícia Souto, Duarte Lucas Baptista, Machado Stela, Gottschalk Marco Silva, Robe Lizandra Jaqueline
Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal (PPGBA), Univ Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PPGBAC), Univ Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
Neotrop Entomol. 2025 Apr 23;54(1):60. doi: 10.1007/s13744-025-01272-8.
The Neotropical region is a vast and heterogeneous ecozone harboring diverse Drosophilidae Fallén 1823 species. However, these species' distribution patterns and climatic requirements are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to estimate differences in the climatic niche and distribution patterns among species to test the hypothesis that endemic and cosmopolitan species occurring in the Neotropics present different climatic niches, such that distribution range and niche breadth are highly correlated among species. For this task, we evaluated the geographic distributions and the climatic niches of 47 endemic and cosmopolitan drosophilids occurring in subtropical regions of the Neotropics using raw climatic data from collection records and environmental niche models (ENMs). We showed that the studied species varied in two highly correlated properties: the distribution ranges and the environmental niche breadth. Moreover, significant differences were observed between endemic and cosmopolitan drosophilids in terms of variable importance and climatic niches. Most of the studied species are distributed in regions under mild climatic conditions, but there are many species inhabiting harsher environments. Generally, the results suggest that several Neotropical drosophilid species may be highly vulnerable to global warming, potentially serving as bioindicator species for assessing the impact of climate change.
新热带地区是一个广阔且多样的生态区，栖息着种类繁多的果蝇科（Fallén，1823）物种。然而，人们对这些物种的分布模式和气候需求了解甚少。在本研究中，我们旨在估计物种间气候生态位和分布模式的差异，以检验以下假设：新热带地区的特有物种和世界性物种具有不同的气候生态位，从而使物种间的分布范围和生态位宽度高度相关。为此，我们利用采集记录中的原始气候数据和环境生态位模型（ENMs），评估了新热带地区亚热带区域出现的47种特有和世界性果蝇的地理分布和气候生态位。我们发现，所研究的物种在两个高度相关的特性上存在差异：分布范围和环境生态位宽度。此外，在变量重要性和气候生态位方面，特有果蝇和世界性果蝇之间存在显著差异。大多数所研究的物种分布在气候温和的地区，但也有许多物种栖息在更恶劣的环境中。总体而言，结果表明，新热带地区的几种果蝇物种可能极易受到全球变暖的影响，有可能作为评估气候变化影响的生物指示物种。
