Adam Mohamed Hussein, Garba Bashiru, Dahie Hassan Abdullahi, Baruch Joaquin, Polonsky Jonathan A, Hassan Jihaan, Mohamoud Jamal Hassan, Ali Dahir Abdi, Malik S K Md Mamunur Rahman, Checchi Francesco, Dirie Najib Isse
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
SIMAD Institute for Global Health (SIGHt), SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Front Public Health. 2025 Apr 9;13:1582558. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1582558. eCollection 2025.
Somalia faces a severe humanitarian crisis driven by conflict, drought, and rising food prices, straining its fragile health system. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) suffer high mortality rates, yet data on causes of death remain limited. This study integrates verbal autopsy (VA) with community-based surveillance (CBS) to identify mortality causes in IDP populations. A hybrid retrospective-prospective mortality surveillance study was conducted in 57 IDP camps across Daynile and Kahda districts, Banadir region, from October 2022 to November 2023. Retrospective baseline data from 20,323 individuals were collected in January-February 2023, followed by prospective surveillance rounds in March, April, and May-November 2023. Causes of death were determined using WHO-standardized VA methods. During the retrospective period, Daynile had a CDR of 3.15 per 10,000 person-time, while Kahda's was 1.26. Mortality rates fluctuated, showing significant reductions at certain times. Over the prospective data collection period, the overall CDR was 0.64 per 10,000 person-time. Verbal autopsies revealed that severe malnutrition, respiratory infections, and diarrheal diseases were the leading causes of death. Among children under five, malnutrition, measles, and neonatal pneumonia were the primary causes. Our study highlights the severe impact of malnutrition and infectious diseases on mortality rates among IDPs in Banadir. Continuous surveillance and targeted health interventions are crucial to address the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Somalia. Enhancing training for data collectors and fostering community engagement can improve data accuracy and support timely humanitarian responses.
索马里面临着由冲突、干旱和食品价格上涨引发的严重人道主义危机，这使其脆弱的卫生系统不堪重负。境内流离失所者（IDP）死亡率很高，但死亡原因的数据仍然有限。本研究将口头尸检（VA）与社区监测（CBS）相结合，以确定境内流离失所者群体的死亡原因。2022年10月至2023年11月，在巴纳迪尔地区代尼罗和卡达区的57个境内流离失所者营地开展了一项回顾性与前瞻性相结合的混合死亡率监测研究。2023年1月至2月收集了20323人的回顾性基线数据，随后在2023年3月、4月以及5月至11月进行了前瞻性监测轮次。使用世界卫生组织标准化的口头尸检方法确定死亡原因。在回顾期内，代尼罗的粗死亡率为每10000人时3.15例，而卡达为1.26例。死亡率有所波动，在某些时期显著下降。在前瞻性数据收集期间，总体粗死亡率为每10000人时0.64例。口头尸检显示，严重营养不良、呼吸道感染和腹泻病是主要死亡原因。在五岁以下儿童中，营养不良、麻疹和新生儿肺炎是主要原因。我们的研究突出了营养不良和传染病对巴纳迪尔境内流离失所者死亡率的严重影响。持续监测和有针对性的卫生干预对于应对索马里持续的人道主义危机至关重要。加强对数据收集者的培训并促进社区参与可以提高数据准确性并支持及时的人道主义应对。
