Ren Zhongkai, Mao Xiang, Zhang Ziyue, Wang Wei
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
Front Neurosci. 2025 Apr 9;19:1559969. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1559969. eCollection 2025.
This study aims to explore the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function in healthy adults, using auditory P300 event-related potentials and subjective reaction time as key assessment metrics.
High-density electroencephalography (EEG) and the oddball paradigm were utilized to collect P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) before and after the sleep deprivation intervention, with a record of subjective reaction time. Participants were classified into acute sleep deprivation group and chronic sleep deprivation group based on the duration of their night shift history.
Following sleep deprivation, a significant prolongation in P300 latency and reaction time was observed among 26 subjects ( < 0.05). Specifically, the reaction time in the acute group increased significantly by 83.69 ms after sleep deprivation ( < 0.05). In contrast, the reaction time in the chronic group exhibited only a minor increase of 6.54 ms ( < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant interaction effect between the duration of night shift history and sleep condition on reaction time was identified [ = 4.736, = 0.040, η = 0.165], suggesting that the influence of sleep deprivation on reaction time varies between the chronic and acute groups.
Sleep deprivation induces cognitive impairment, with the acute sleep deprivation group experiencing more severe deficits. In contrast, the chronic sleep deprivation group demonstrated milder but chronic cognitive impairment.
本研究旨在以听觉P300事件相关电位和主观反应时间作为关键评估指标，探讨睡眠剥夺对健康成年人认知功能的影响。
利用高密度脑电图（EEG）和Oddball范式在睡眠剥夺干预前后收集P300事件相关电位（ERP），并记录主观反应时间。根据参与者的夜班历史时长将其分为急性睡眠剥夺组和慢性睡眠剥夺组。
睡眠剥夺后，26名受试者的P300潜伏期和反应时间显著延长（<0.05）。具体而言，急性组睡眠剥夺后的反应时间显著增加了83.69毫秒（<0.05）。相比之下，慢性组的反应时间仅轻微增加了6.54毫秒（<0.05）。此外，还发现夜班历史时长和睡眠状况对反应时间有显著的交互作用[F = 4.736，P = 0.040，η² = 0.165]，表明睡眠剥夺对反应时间的影响在慢性组和急性组之间有所不同。
睡眠剥夺会导致认知障碍，急性睡眠剥夺组的缺陷更为严重。相比之下，慢性睡眠剥夺组表现出较轻但持续的认知障碍。
