Di Cosmo Leonardo, El Choueiri Jad, Pellicanò Francesca, Salman Hamza, Colella Filippo, Zaed Ismail, Cannizzaro Delia
Humanitas University, School of Medicine, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
Humanitas University, School of Medicine, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
Neurochirurgie. 2025 Jul;71(4):101672. doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2025.101672. Epub 2025 Apr 23.
Recent years have seen augmented reality (AR) transition from experimental to clinical practice. Advancements in hardware, software, and its integration with complementary technologies such as machine learning and robotics have improved its workflow and integration into the neurosurgical environment. This systematic review evaluates shifts in trends in AR adoption in neurosurgery from 2022 to 2024. A systematic review of PubMed was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies published between January 2022 and December 2024 that had direct clinical or educational applications were included. Extracted data included the clinical context and geographical context from each study, and was analyzed with data from a previous systematic review from 2012 to 2021 to assess research evolution. A total of 275 new studies were identified, revealing a substantial increase in AR-related publications. Research trends have shifted towards more clinical embedded topics, particularly centered around neuronavigation (101), education (87), and spinal surgery (70), with the subspecialties exhibiting the most growth being spinal surgery, vascular surgery and neuro-oncology. Research output remained concentrated in high-income countries, led by the United states (53%), Switzerland (18.55%) and the UK (9.45%), reinforcing an expanding global disparity. Topic clustering analysis identified education as a central point of focus across subspecialties. As AR continues to become increasingly integrated within the neurosurgical workflow, future research should emphasize standardizing its clinical implementation and addressing global disparities in access and adoption.
近年来，增强现实（AR）已从实验阶段过渡到临床实践阶段。硬件、软件及其与机器学习和机器人技术等互补技术的集成方面的进步，改善了其工作流程，并使其更好地融入神经外科手术环境。本系统评价评估了2022年至2024年神经外科手术中AR应用趋势的变化。按照PRISMA指南对PubMed进行了系统评价。纳入了2022年1月至2024年12月发表的具有直接临床或教育应用的研究。提取的数据包括每项研究的临床背景和地理背景，并与2012年至2021年之前的系统评价数据进行分析，以评估研究进展。共识别出275项新研究，显示AR相关出版物大幅增加。研究趋势已转向更多临床嵌入式主题，特别是围绕神经导航（101）、教育（87）和脊柱外科（70），增长最多的亚专业是脊柱外科、血管外科和神经肿瘤学。研究成果仍集中在高收入国家，以美国（53%）、瑞士（18.55%）和英国（9.45%）为首，加剧了全球差距的扩大。主题聚类分析确定教育是各亚专业的核心关注点。随着AR继续越来越多地融入神经外科手术工作流程，未来的研究应强调规范其临床应用，并解决全球在获取和采用方面的差距。
