Ogutu Sylvester, Mockshell Jonathan, Minh Thai, Remans Roseline
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Kampala, Uganda.
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
PLoS One. 2025 Apr 25;20(4):e0321029. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321029. eCollection 2025.
Recent research and development efforts to achieve sustainable rice production in Vietnam have incorporated agroecological principles and practices. These efforts have come as a result of increasing pressure on food systems to achieve global food security. Growing food demand, rising population, climate change, and natural resources degradation, make it necessary to transform the current production systems towards more sustainable models. Agroecology is being promoted as one of the pathways to transition toward sustainable food production, with broad adoption requiring incentives for farmers. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, we conducted a scoping review of 120 articles to understand the incentives applied for promoting agroecological practices, whether and how the incentives promote the adoption of agroecological practices, and their relationship with economic, environmental, and social outcomes among rice farmers in Vietnam. Such in-depth reviews of the role of incentives in the agroecological transition are scarce. Results show that in about 60% of the articles, incentives led to adoption, outcomes (e.g., yield and income gains), or both, suggesting the importance and common use of incentives among rice farmers in Vietnam. Four types of incentives used were market, non-market, regulatory, and cross-compliance. These incentives directly or indirectly influenced outcomes through the adoption of agroecological practices. Market incentives (33%) were relatively more important for directly influencing outcomes, while non-market incentives (50%) were more important for indirectly influencing outcomes. Market, non-market, and regulatory incentives were more associated with the adoption of new agronomic practices, such as farm diversification, improved varieties, and organic agriculture than with other practices, while cross-compliance incentives were more highly associated with adoption of agroforestry. Generally, the incentives used were more associated with economic outcomes (56%), than with environmental (31%), and social (13%) outcomes. Overall, the results show that incentives influence outcomes differently, and a combination of different incentives is required to achieve holistic outcomes.
越南近期为实现可持续水稻生产所做的研发工作纳入了农业生态原则和实践。这些努力是由于粮食系统为实现全球粮食安全面临的压力不断增加而产生的。不断增长的粮食需求、人口增长、气候变化和自然资源退化，使得有必要将当前的生产系统转变为更可持续的模式。农业生态学被视为向可持续粮食生产转型的途径之一，而广泛采用需要激励农民。我们使用系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目扩展版的范围审查指南，对120篇文章进行了范围审查，以了解促进农业生态实践所采用的激励措施，这些激励措施是否以及如何促进农业生态实践的采用，以及它们与越南稻农的经济、环境和社会成果之间的关系。关于激励措施在农业生态转型中的作用的此类深入审查很少见。结果表明，在约60%的文章中，激励措施导致了采用、成果（如产量和收入增加）或两者兼而有之，这表明激励措施在越南稻农中具有重要性和普遍应用。所使用的四种激励类型是市场、非市场、监管和交叉合规。这些激励措施通过采用农业生态实践直接或间接地影响成果。市场激励（33%）对直接影响成果相对更为重要，而非市场激励（50%）对间接影响成果更为重要。市场、非市场和监管激励与采用新的农艺实践（如农场多样化、改良品种和有机农业）的关联度高于其他实践，而交叉合规激励与采用农林业的关联度更高。总体而言，所使用的激励措施与经济成果（56%）的关联度高于环境（31%）和社会（13%）成果。总体而言，结果表明激励措施对成果的影响各不相同，需要结合不同的激励措施才能实现全面的成果。
