Ponce Patricia N Olivares, Chaves Lana Bitencourt, Perce-da-Silva Daiana de Souza, Carneiro-Alencar Ana Luiza, Rodolphi Cinthia Magalhães, Soares Isabela Ferreira, Rodrigues-da-Silva Rodrigo Nunes, Alves-da-Silva Ana Caroline, Marques Fabio Vidal, Peres Rafael Vidal, Ferreira Dennis de Carvalho, de Souza Rodrigo Carvalho, Gonçalves Cristiane, Gonçalves Lucio Souza, Lima-Junior Josué da Costa
Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University-IDOMED, Rio de Janeiro 22640-100, RJ, Brazil.
Microorganisms. 2025 Apr 10;13(4):867. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13040867.
Oral manifestations of HIV infection can be an early sign of the disease and may indicate progression to AIDS. Although antiretroviral therapies, especially highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), have reduced the prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions, ongoing updates in diagnosis and treatment are essential due to the extended life expectancy of individuals living with HIV. Periodontal disease is a significant concern in these patients, influenced by altered immune responses and microbial dynamics, though the mechanisms are not fully understood. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the oral microbiota and periodontal disease prevalence in HIV-positive individuals by analyzing subgingival plaque samples from 24 patients. We identified 12 bacterial species using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and amplicon sequencing. Seven species were detected, with , , and being the most common. was present in only 13.6% of samples, while was found in 58.3%. Genetic diversity was also observed in and amplicons, with specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in both species. These results highlight the complex microbial interactions in the oral environments of people living with HIV, emphasizing the need for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing oral health in this population.
HIV感染的口腔表现可能是该疾病的早期迹象，并可能表明已进展至艾滋病。尽管抗逆转录病毒疗法，尤其是高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）已降低了HIV相关口腔病变的患病率，但由于HIV感染者预期寿命的延长，持续更新诊断和治疗方法至关重要。牙周病是这些患者的一个重大问题，受免疫反应改变和微生物动态变化的影响，但其机制尚未完全明了。这项探索性研究旨在通过分析24例患者的龈下菌斑样本，调查HIV阳性个体的口腔微生物群和牙周病患病率。我们使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和扩增子测序鉴定出12种细菌。检测到7种细菌，其中[具体细菌名称1]、[具体细菌名称2]和[具体细菌名称3]最为常见。[具体细菌名称4]仅在13.6%的样本中出现，而[具体细菌名称5]在58.3%的样本中被发现。在[具体细菌名称6]和[具体细菌名称7]扩增子中也观察到了遗传多样性，在这两种细菌中均鉴定出了特定的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。这些结果突出了HIV感染者口腔环境中复杂的微生物相互作用，强调了针对该人群管理口腔健康需要个性化的诊断和治疗策略。
