Biagioli Valentina, Matera Mariarosaria, Ramenghi Luca Antonio, Falsaperla Raffaele, Striano Pasquale
Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy.
Usl Toscana Sud Est, Pediatric Clinical Microbiomics Service, Misericordia Hospital, Via Senese 161, 58100 Grosseto, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Mar 15;17(6):1033. doi: 10.3390/nu17061033.
Emerging evidence suggests that the maternal microbiome plays a crucial role in shaping fetal neurodevelopment, immune programming, and metabolic health. Dysbiosis during pregnancy-whether gastrointestinal, oral, or vaginal-can significantly influence pregnancy outcomes and long-term child health. : The search was performed using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar including research published from January 2000 to January 2025. The keywords used were "Fetal Programming", " Maternal Immune Activation", "Maternal microbiome", "Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis", and "Pregnancy Dysbiosis". : The maternal microbiome undergoes substantial changes during pregnancy, with alterations in microbial diversity and function linked to conditions such as gestational diabetes, obesity, and preeclampsia. Pregnancy-related dysbiosis has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and cognitive impairments in offspring. Understanding the intricate relationship between maternal microbiota and fetal health is essential for developing targeted interventions. Personalized microbiome-based strategies, including dietary modifications and probiotic supplementation, hold promise in optimizing pregnancy outcomes and promoting health in offspring.
新出现的证据表明，母体微生物群在塑造胎儿神经发育、免疫编程和代谢健康方面起着至关重要的作用。孕期的微生物失调——无论是胃肠道、口腔还是阴道的——都可能显著影响妊娠结局和儿童的长期健康。：使用PubMed、Scopus和谷歌学术等数据库进行检索，检索范围包括2000年1月至2025年1月发表的研究。使用的关键词是“胎儿编程”、“母体免疫激活”、“母体微生物群”、“微生物群-肠道-脑轴”和“妊娠微生物失调”。：母体微生物群在孕期会发生重大变化，微生物多样性和功能的改变与妊娠期糖尿病、肥胖症和先兆子痫等疾病有关。与妊娠相关的微生物失调与不良神经发育结局有关，包括后代患自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）、注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和认知障碍的风险增加。了解母体微生物群与胎儿健康之间的复杂关系对于制定有针对性的干预措施至关重要。基于个性化微生物群的策略，包括饮食调整和益生菌补充，有望优化妊娠结局并促进后代健康。
