Zhu Siyu, Zhang Qian, Xu Xiang, Liu Zulan, Cheng Guotao, Long Dingpei, Cheng Lan, Dai Fangyin
State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Mar 14;17(6):772. doi: 10.3390/polym17060772.
Silk fibroin (SF), a natural high-molecular-weight fiber protein extracted from silk, has demonstrated immense potential in bone tissue repair and regeneration due to its exceptional physicochemical properties. Silk fibroin can be processed into various scaffold forms using diverse fabrication techniques, combined with other biomaterials to create composite structures, or chemically modified to address a wide range of bone defect conditions. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the role of silk fibroin and its composites in bone tissue engineering, with particular emphasis on preclinical studies investigating various silk fibroin-based composite scaffolds in osteogenesis. Additionally, it discusses the current status and challenges in preparing silk fibroin scaffolds tailored to bone tissue defects and explores innovative approaches such as silk fibroin membranes, hydrogels, and 3D-printed constructs. The review begins with an introduction to bone biology, including its composition, structure, healing mechanisms, and the development of bone repair materials. It then delves into the unique properties of silk fibroin, including its composition, structure, and physicochemical attributes, which make it an ideal candidate for bone tissue engineering. This review provides valuable insights into their design, fabrication, and application by critically analyzing recent advancements in silk fibroin-based scaffolds and their functional modifications. Finally, it offers a forward-looking perspective on the future development and translational potential of silk fibroin and its composites in the field of bone repair materials.
丝素蛋白（SF）是一种从蚕丝中提取的天然高分子纤维蛋白，由于其卓越的物理化学性质，在骨组织修复和再生方面展现出了巨大潜力。丝素蛋白可以通过多种制造技术加工成各种支架形式，与其他生物材料结合以创建复合结构，或进行化学修饰以应对广泛的骨缺损情况。本综述全面考察了丝素蛋白及其复合材料在骨组织工程中的作用，特别着重于对各种基于丝素蛋白的复合支架在骨生成方面的临床前研究。此外，还讨论了制备适合骨组织缺损的丝素蛋白支架的现状和挑战，并探索了诸如丝素蛋白膜、水凝胶和3D打印构建体等创新方法。综述首先介绍骨生物学，包括其组成、结构、愈合机制以及骨修复材料的发展。接着深入探讨丝素蛋白的独特性质，包括其组成、结构和物理化学特性，这些特性使其成为骨组织工程的理想候选材料。本综述通过批判性分析基于丝素蛋白的支架及其功能修饰的最新进展，为其设计、制造和应用提供了有价值的见解。最后，对丝素蛋白及其复合材料在骨修复材料领域的未来发展和转化潜力提供了前瞻性展望。
