Tailoring Peptide Coacervates for Advanced Biotechnological Applications: Enhancing Control, Encapsulation, and Antioxidant Properties.

The increasing interest in protein and peptide coacervates is accompanied by the development of various applications, from drug delivery to biosensor preparation. However, the impact of peptide end groups and charges on coacervation remains unclear. For this purpose, we designed four peptide derivatives with varying end groups and net charges. These inherently fluorescent peptides readily formed coacervates in solution or during evaporation. The ability to control the coacervation process, the coacervate's appearance, and the encapsulation capabilities were thoroughly investigated. The coacervates displayed significant antioxidant properties, protecting the encapsulated material. Additionally, control of the deposition of coacervates on surfaces was achieved. These abilities highlight the potential of these coacervates in biotechnological applications, including biosensor development and the delivery of compounds such as drugs and dietary supplements. Exploiting the dynamic characteristics of coacervates with the unique properties of these peptides underscores their practical advantages.