Telli Nihat, Telli Arife Ezgi, Biçer Yusuf, Turkal Gamze
Department of Food Processing, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Konya Technical University, 42250 Konya, Turkey.
Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Mar 31;14(4):351. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14040351.
Laying hens, which are widely utilized for consumption and export in various regions, experience prolonged antibiotic exposure due to their longer lifespan, increasing the risk of antibiotic resistance and impacting the microbial environment of poultry slaughterhouses. Given the significance of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing in food safety, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ESBL genes in isolated from a laying hen slaughterhouse in Konya, Turkey. Sampling was conducted using a convenient sampling approach, and a total of 150 samples were collected from a single slaughterhouse over six visits during both warm (June-August) and cold (January-March) seasons to evaluate seasonal variations. Samples were categorized into environmental sources (personnel, air, wastewater, eggs) and carcass-related sources (cloaca, carcasses at critical control points, final product). Classical cultural and molecular techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were used for ESBL presence and gene characterization. For sequence analysis, the bidirectional Sanger Gene sequence analysis method was applied. PCR-based detection identified 10 of the 17 isolates as by amplifying the A gene, and bidirectional Sanger sequencing further confirmed these isolates at the species level. The isolates were detected at various sampling areas, including personnel, carcasses after evisceration, and raw wastewater samples collected at different time points. In the multiplex PCR analysis, most ESBL isolates were positive for the bla gene. The co-existence of bla and bla genes was detected in five samples. Additionally, three genes (bla, bla, and bla) were identified in a carcass sample after evisceration. All ESBL-producing isolates harbored the bla gene, and multiple antibiotic resistance was observed across all isolates. The presence of these genes was strongly associated with resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefepime, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, and cephalothin, highlighting the critical role of bla in driving the multidrug resistance patterns observed in this study. The highest resistance rate (80%) was observed in "personnel" and "carcass samples after evisceration", while all isolates remained sensitive to carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem). Our findings highlight the importance of the laying hen slaughter line as a potential source of contamination with -producing , which poses significant implications for food safety and public health. These findings underscore the need for improved control measures to mitigate ESBL transmission in poultry processing and highlight the importance of optimizing antibiotic use strategies in laying hen farming.
蛋鸡在各个地区被广泛用于消费和出口，由于其寿命较长，会长期接触抗生素，这增加了抗生素耐药性的风险，并影响家禽屠宰场的微生物环境。鉴于产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）在食品安全中的重要性，本研究旨在调查从土耳其科尼亚的一家蛋鸡屠宰场分离出的菌株中ESBL基因的流行情况。采用便利抽样方法进行采样，在温暖季节（6月至8月）和寒冷季节（1月至3月）的六次访问中，从单个屠宰场共收集了150个样本，以评估季节变化。样本分为环境来源（人员、空气、废水、鸡蛋）和与胴体相关的来源（泄殖腔、关键控制点的胴体、最终产品）。使用经典培养和分子技术以及抗菌药敏试验来检测ESBL的存在和基因特征。对于序列分析，应用双向Sanger基因序列分析方法。基于PCR的检测通过扩增A基因在17株分离株中鉴定出10株，双向Sanger测序在物种水平上进一步确认了这些分离株。在各个采样区域检测到了这些分离株，包括人员、去内脏后的胴体以及在不同时间点采集的原废水样本。在多重PCR分析中，大多数产ESBL的分离株bla基因呈阳性。在五个样本中检测到bla和bla基因共存。此外，在去内脏后的胴体样本中鉴定出三个基因（bla、bla和bla）。所有产ESBL的分离株都含有bla基因，并且在所有分离株中都观察到了多重耐药性。这些基因的存在与对氨苄西林、阿莫西林-克拉维酸、氨曲南、头孢吡肟、头孢泊肟、头孢呋辛和头孢噻吩的耐药性密切相关，突出了bla在驱动本研究中观察到的多药耐药模式中的关键作用。在“人员”和“去内脏后的胴体样本”中观察到最高耐药率（80%），而所有分离株对碳青霉烯类药物（亚胺培南和美罗培南）仍敏感。我们的研究结果突出了蛋鸡屠宰线作为产ESBL菌株潜在污染源的重要性，这对食品安全和公众健康具有重大影响。这些结果强调了需要改进控制措施以减轻家禽加工过程中ESBL的传播，并突出了优化蛋鸡养殖中抗生素使用策略的重要性。
