Hossain Rahni, Kongchain Anawat, Chatatikun Moragot, Klangbud Wiyada Kwanhian, Yupanqui Chutha Takahashi, Majima Hideyuki J, Indo Hiroko P, Sompol Pradoldej, Sekeroglu Nazim, Phongphithakchai Atthaphong, Tangpong Jitbanjong
College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Mar 28;14(4):404. doi: 10.3390/antiox14040404.
Atherosclerosis is a persistent inflammatory disorder influenced by oxidative stress and lipid imbalances, and it continues to be a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases. Rich in catechins and flavonoids, green tea pressurized hot water extract (GPHWE) demonstrated potent antioxidant activity through DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide scavenging assays. In vitro, GPHWE protected RAW264.7 macrophages from oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by mitigating oxidative stress and enhancing cell survival. Animal studies using mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) revealed notable improvements in lipid profiles, including decreases in total cholesterol, LDL, the atherosclerosis index (AI), the coronary risk index (CRI), and triglycerides, as well as lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of oxidative stress. These results were comparable to those achieved with Simvastatin. Molecular docking studies indicated strong binding affinities of catechins to essential targets such as LOX-1, HMG-CoA reductase, caspase-3, and Nrf2, implying that the mechanisms of GPHWE involve antioxidant properties, regulation of lipids, and stabilization of plaques. The catechins of GPHWE, including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin (EGC), were tentatively identified through qualitative analysis performed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS. This comprehensive approach positions GPHWE as a promising natural remedy for preventing atherosclerosis and reducing cardiovascular risk.
动脉粥样硬化是一种受氧化应激和脂质失衡影响的持续性炎症性疾病，并且它仍然是心血管疾病的主要促成因素。富含儿茶素和黄酮类化合物的绿茶加压热水提取物（GPHWE）通过DPPH、ABTS、羟基和一氧化氮清除试验显示出强大的抗氧化活性。在体外，GPHWE通过减轻氧化应激和提高细胞存活率，保护RAW264.7巨噬细胞免受氧化型低密度脂蛋白（Ox-LDL）诱导的细胞毒性和凋亡。使用高脂饮食（HFD）喂养小鼠的动物研究显示，脂质谱有显著改善，包括总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、动脉粥样硬化指数（AI）、冠心病风险指数（CRI）和甘油三酯降低，以及氧化应激指标丙二醛（MDA）水平降低。这些结果与辛伐他汀所取得的结果相当。分子对接研究表明，儿茶素与LOX-1、HMG-CoA还原酶、半胱天冬酶-3和Nrf2等关键靶点具有很强的结合亲和力，这意味着GPHWE的作用机制涉及抗氧化特性、脂质调节和斑块稳定。通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UHPLC-QTOF-MS）进行的定性分析初步鉴定了GPHWE中的儿茶素，包括表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）、表儿茶素没食子酸酯（ECG）和表没食子儿茶素（EGC）。这种综合方法将GPHWE定位为预防动脉粥样硬化和降低心血管风险的一种有前景的天然疗法。
