Al-Andal Abeer, Radwan Asmaa M, Donia AbdElRaheim M, Balah Mohamed A
Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Girls Branch, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
PLoS One. 2025 Apr 29;20(4):e0321782. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321782. eCollection 2025.
The potentials of Chenopodium species are important for both the environment and agricultural production. To comprehend their effects, their allelopathic pathways were investigated. The impacts of C. album, C. murale, and C. ambrosioides weeds were compared via leachates of water extracts, decaying residues, and volatilization and measured biologically and chemically on plant traits and soil characteristics. The allelopathic effect of water extracts from the aboveground parts was more potent than that from the subterranean parts, significantly influenced by the plant parts and concentrations. The allelochemicals determined by LC-ESI-MS were coumaric and ferulic acid, with concentrations of 4.74 and 5.72 μg ml-1 for C. album, 7.07 and 5.71 μg ml-1 for C. murale, and 8.88 and 4.82 μg ml-1 for C. ambrosioides, respectively. The allelopathic effect of incorporated residues into soil was affected significantly by plant types, concentration, and their interactions. The essential oils of shoot parts showed the strongest suppression in B. rigidus and C. arvensis germination and growth. The principal components of essential oils determined by GC-MS were ascaridole (C. ambrosioides), carvacrol (C. murale), and carvacrol (C. album) with concentrations of 8.87%, 10.64%, and 8.43%, respectively. Notably, C. ambrosioides and C. murale demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effects, followed by C. album suggested to be used as herbicide treatments in the future. Chenopodium species exert significant inhibitory effects by releasing allelochemicals against several tested species. Therefore, allelopathy appears to be responsible for the nearby plant structure through the action of their bioactive metabolites.
藜科植物的潜力对环境和农业生产都很重要。为了解它们的影响，对其化感途径进行了研究。通过水提取物、腐烂残留物的浸出液和挥发物比较了藜、小藜和土荆芥杂草的影响，并对植物性状和土壤特性进行了生物学和化学测量。地上部分水提取物的化感作用比地下部分更强，受植物部位和浓度的显著影响。通过液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱法测定的化感物质是香豆酸和阿魏酸，藜中香豆酸和阿魏酸的浓度分别为4.74和5.72 μg/ml，小藜中为7.07和5.71 μg/ml，土荆芥中为8.88和4.82 μg/ml。残体掺入土壤的化感作用受植物类型、浓度及其相互作用的显著影响。地上部分的精油对硬直黑麦草和野燕麦的萌发和生长表现出最强的抑制作用。通过气相色谱-质谱法测定的精油主要成分是ascaridole（土荆芥）、香芹酚（小藜）和香芹酚（藜），浓度分别为8.87%、10.64%和8.43%。值得注意的是，土荆芥和小藜表现出最强的抑制作用，其次是藜，建议未来用作除草剂处理。藜科植物通过释放化感物质对几种受试物种产生显著的抑制作用。因此，化感作用似乎通过其生物活性代谢产物的作用对附近的植物结构产生影响。
