Lei Xiaofeng, He Menglin, Wu Pingli, Ma Chao, Liu Xu, Yao Chongyan, Cui Wenfeng, Zhang Qingxu, Li Caicai, Li Huiqiao, Liu Xizheng
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
Small Methods. 2025 Jul;9(7):e2401930. doi: 10.1002/smtd.202401930. Epub 2025 Apr 30.
The stabilization of metallic-Na anodes by the fabrication of a mechanically stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) can enable the construction of stable Na-air batteries (NABs) that can be used as practicable energy-storage devices in ambient air. This study reports in situ fabrication of air-stable Na anodes protected by SEI films for stable NABs. The regulation of anions in the electrolyte generated hierarchically layered SEI on Na anodes; the sequential deposition of inorganic salts and organic components is modulated by controlling the competitive reduction of salt and solvent molecules on the Na surface. Metallic-Na anodes with hierarchical SEI comprising an outer salt-rich and inner organic-component-rich layer showed highly reversible stripping/plating. The high stability of the SEI layer in ambient air can be attributed to synergism between its hydrophilic inorganic and hydrophobic organic components. NABs with hierarchical-SEI-modified Na anodes showed stable cycling for >1900 h in ambient air. This study can guide the design of stable metallic anodes and facilitate the future development of diverse Na-based rechargeable batteries.
通过制备机械稳定的固体电解质界面（SEI）来稳定金属钠阳极，能够构建稳定的钠空气电池（NAB），使其可在环境空气中用作实用的储能装置。本研究报道了用于稳定NAB的、由SEI膜保护的空气稳定型钠阳极的原位制备。电解质中阴离子的调控在钠阳极上生成了分层的SEI；通过控制盐和溶剂分子在钠表面的竞争性还原，调节无机盐和有机成分的顺序沉积。具有分层SEI（包括外层富盐层和内层富有机成分层）的金属钠阳极表现出高度可逆的脱嵌/电镀过程。SEI层在环境空气中的高稳定性可归因于其亲水性无机成分和疏水性有机成分之间的协同作用。具有分层SEI修饰钠阳极的NAB在环境空气中表现出超过1900小时的稳定循环。本研究可为稳定金属阳极的设计提供指导，并推动各种钠基可充电电池的未来发展。
