Abdulhamid Dauda, Ibrahim Usman Muhammad, Kofi Boateng, Audu Sunday, Wade Mahdi Musa, Danzomo Abba Ahmed, Muhammad Nuruddeen, Faruk Abdullahi Namadi, Ahmed Salihu Abdullahi, Bawa Jamilu Aliyu, Uba Abdullahi Sadiq, Ismail Tukur, Gajida Awwal Umar, Jibo Abubakar Mohammed
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Science, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Department of Community Medicine and Public Health and, Elrazi Medical University Kano, Nigeria.
Niger Med J. 2025 Apr 3;66(1):44-59. doi: 10.71480/nmj.v66i1.542. eCollection 2025 Jan-Feb.
Immunization is an important public health intervention that reduces morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). This study aimed to determine and compare the correlates of routine immunization uptake among under-five children of nomadic and non-nomadic Fulani in Yobe State, Nigeria.
A multistage sampling technique was used to study the eligible caregivers and under-five children in the selected households using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, observation for the child immunization card, or a recall of immunization history. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 with a statistical significance set at p≤5%.
The response rate among nomadic and non-nomadic Fulani was (348/348, 100% vs. 345/348, 99%).The Penta 1 uptake based on routine immunization cards among nomadic and non-nomadic under-five children was (23.6% vs.76.4% P<0.001).Availability of the vaccine (adjusted odds ratio = 22, 95% confidence interval = 13.7-35.5), the purpose of vaccination (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-3.4), vaccines safety (adjusted odds ratio = 17.3, 95% confidence interval = 10.0-29.8), and friendly healthcare workers (adjusted odds ratio = 18.8, 95% confidence interval = 11.3-31.3) were found to be independent predictors facilitating uptake of routine immunization among nomadic and non-nomadic under-five children, while long distance to the health facility (adjusted odds ratio = 9.6, 95% confidence interval = 6.6-14.0), lack of knowledge on immunization (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.4-2.9), fear of side effect (adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.5), were independent barriers to uptake of routine immunization among nomad and non-nomadic under-five children.
Vaccine uptake is still a problem among nomads and non-nomadic under-five children. The government and relevant stakeholders should ensure a strategy for improved outreach services to all the nomads and hard-to-reach settlements.
免疫接种是一项重要的公共卫生干预措施，可降低与疫苗可预防疾病（VPDs）相关的发病率和死亡率。本研究旨在确定并比较尼日利亚约贝州游牧和非游牧富拉尼族五岁以下儿童常规免疫接种的相关因素。
采用多阶段抽样技术，通过访谈员 administered 问卷、观察儿童免疫接种卡或回忆免疫接种史，对选定家庭中的合格照料者和五岁以下儿童进行研究。使用 IBM SPSS 22.0 版对数据进行分析，设定统计学显著性为 p≤5%。
游牧和非游牧富拉尼族的应答率分别为（348/348，100%对 345/348，99%）。基于常规免疫接种卡，游牧和非游牧五岁以下儿童的五联疫苗 1 接种率分别为（23.6%对 76.4%，P<0.001）。疫苗的可及性（调整比值比 = 22，95%置信区间 = 13.7 - 35.5）、接种目的（调整比值比 = 1.9，95%置信区间 = 1.1 - 3.4）、疫苗安全性（调整比值比 = 17.3，95%置信区间 = 10.0 - 29.8）以及医护人员态度友好（调整比值比 = 18.8，95%置信区间 = 11.3 - 31.3）被发现是促进游牧和非游牧五岁以下儿童进行常规免疫接种的独立预测因素，而距离医疗机构较远（调整比值比 = 9.6，95%置信区间 = 6.6 - 14.0）、缺乏免疫接种知识（调整比值比 = 2.1，95%置信区间 = 1.4 - 2.9）、担心副作用（调整比值比 = 1.6，95%置信区间 = 1.1 - 2.5）是游牧和非游牧五岁以下儿童进行常规免疫接种的独立障碍。
游牧和非游牧五岁以下儿童的疫苗接种率仍然是一个问题。政府和相关利益攸关方应确保制定一项战略，以改善对所有游牧民和难以到达的定居点的外展服务。
