Santillo Giada, Morra Rita Chiara, Esposito Dario, Romani Maria
Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Children (Basel). 2025 Mar 24;12(4):406. doi: 10.3390/children12040406.
Projective instruments have historically been used to explore unconscious dynamics and personality traits in children and adolescents. However, concerns about their psychometric properties have led to ongoing debates in clinical psychology. This review aims to critically reassess the use of construction projective techniques in clinical settings for individuals aged 4 to 18 years, also examining the available psychometric data reported in recent scientific literature, excluding the Rorschach Test due to its extensive coverage in existing literature.
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Psychoanalytic Electronic Publishing (PEP), and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies focusing on construction projective techniques administered to clinical and non-clinical samples aged 4 to 18 years.
From an initial pool of 641 articles, 25 met the inclusion criteria. These studies indicate that construction projective techniques remain valuable in accessing children's and adolescents' inner worlds, particularly in diagnostic and therapeutic contexts. However, 13 of the 25 analyzed studies lack detailed psychometric evaluations, and the overall methodological quality was medium-low (4.4/9). Recent adaptations of these techniques show promise in increasing their applicability and relevance.
Constructive projective tests continue to offer unique insights into the psychological functioning of young individuals. While not definitive diagnostic tools, they serve as effective supplements in clinical assessments and therapeutic interventions when applied with awareness of their limitations.
投射工具在历史上一直被用于探索儿童和青少年的无意识动态及人格特质。然而，对其心理测量特性的担忧引发了临床心理学领域持续不断的争论。本综述旨在批判性地重新评估在临床环境中对4至18岁个体使用建构投射技术的情况，同时研究近期科学文献中报告的可用心理测量数据，由于罗夏测验在现有文献中有广泛报道，故将其排除在外。
按照PRISMA指南进行系统综述。在PubMed、精神分析电子出版（PEP）和考科蓝图书馆中检索2010年至2024年发表的研究。纳入标准包括聚焦于对4至18岁临床和非临床样本实施建构投射技术的研究。
从最初的641篇文章中，25篇符合纳入标准。这些研究表明，建构投射技术在了解儿童和青少年的内心世界方面仍然具有价值，特别是在诊断和治疗背景下。然而，25项分析研究中有13项缺乏详细的心理测量评估，总体方法学质量为中低水平（4.4/9）。这些技术的近期改编在提高其适用性和相关性方面显示出前景。
建构性投射测验继续为年轻人的心理功能提供独特的见解。虽然它们不是确定性的诊断工具，但在临床评估和治疗干预中，当意识到其局限性而加以应用时，它们可作为有效的补充手段。
