Nielsen Mette Kjaergaard, Vinther Marie Cecilie, Guldin Mai-Britt, Christensen Kaj Sparle, Mygind Anna
Research Unit for General Practice, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark.
Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
BMC Prim Care. 2025 May 1;26(1):142. doi: 10.1186/s12875-025-02833-x.
Being a caregiver can be demanding. Therefore, we developed the Caregiver Care Model for general practice. The model consists of a mandatory dialogue questionnaire, which is used to identify support needs in caregivers, grief-facilitating questions, and an overview of community-based caregiver initiatives for caregivers in need of support. We aimed to test the implementation and acceptability of the model in general practice.
We used a fixed, convergent, mixed-methods approach to test the model in five general practices in the Central Denmark Region among 40 caregivers. Quantitative data included monitoring data collected by health professionals in an online database at inclusion and after each consultation. Qualitative data were derived from five introductory meetings and semi-structured interviews with ten health professionals. The analysis focused on the implementation (delivery and process) and the health professionals' acceptability of the model.
All 40 caregivers participated in the first consultation, and 29 (73%) had two or more consultations. Eight caregivers (20%) were referred to community-based initiatives or a private-practice psychologist. The mandatory dialogue questionnaire was completed by 30 (75%) caregivers prior to the first consultation, and it was rated useful by general practitioners (GPs) and staff in 26 (74%) of encounters. GPs and staff perceived the dialogue questionnaire to be useful to direct the first consultations towards the most relevant issues, whereas the usefulness of the facilitating questions was unclear due to the brief introduction to them. The list of community-based initiatives was considered useful in urban areas, but not in rural areas with long distance to initiatives. Here, support from general practice was needed to promote mental health in caregivers and avoid sick leave.
The Caregiver Care Model was in line with core values of general practice and the dialogue questionnaire targeted the consultations on relevant issues for the caregiver. Health professionals provided targeted support, including follow-up consultations and referred a group for community-based initiatives, especially caregivers in urban settings. The findings call for increased focus on caregivers and education of general practitioners and staff to facilitate caregiver reactions in connection with loss and grief.
作为照顾者可能要求很高。因此，我们开发了适用于全科医疗的照顾者关怀模式。该模式包括一份强制性对话问卷，用于识别照顾者的支持需求、促进悲伤情绪的问题，以及为需要支持的照顾者提供的基于社区的照顾者倡议概述。我们旨在测试该模式在全科医疗中的实施情况和可接受性。
我们采用固定、收敛、混合方法在丹麦中部地区的五家全科医疗机构对40名照顾者进行测试。定量数据包括健康专业人员在纳入时以及每次咨询后在在线数据库中收集的监测数据。定性数据来自五次介绍会以及对十名健康专业人员的半结构化访谈。分析重点在于该模式的实施（交付和过程）以及健康专业人员对该模式的可接受性。
所有40名照顾者都参加了首次咨询，29名（73%）进行了两次或更多次咨询。八名照顾者（20%）被转介至基于社区的倡议或私人执业心理学家处。30名（75%）照顾者在首次咨询前完成了强制性对话问卷，在26次（74%）会诊中，全科医生（GP）和工作人员认为该问卷很有用。全科医生和工作人员认为对话问卷有助于将首次咨询导向最相关的问题，而由于对促进悲伤情绪问题的介绍简短，其有用性尚不清楚。基于社区的倡议清单在城市地区被认为有用，但在距离倡议地点较远的农村地区则不然。在此类地区，需要全科医疗的支持来促进照顾者的心理健康并避免病假。
照顾者关怀模式符合全科医疗的核心价值观，对话问卷针对照顾者的相关问题进行会诊。健康专业人员提供了有针对性的支持，包括后续咨询，并将一组人转介至基于社区的倡议，尤其是城市地区的照顾者。研究结果呼吁更加关注照顾者，并对全科医生和工作人员进行教育，以促进照顾者在面对丧失和悲伤时的反应。
