Geaneotes Paul J, Floreancig Paul E
Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA.
Chemistry. 2025 Jun 12;31(33):e202501115. doi: 10.1002/chem.202501115. Epub 2025 May 24.
Organic synthesis uniquely provides opportunities to access molecules that serve defined purposes. Medicinal chemistry illustrates this attribute well with prodrug design, whereby a drug undergoes a late-stage conversion to a conditionally responsive active medicinal agent (AMA), being a notable example. Prodrugs are becoming increasingly important in medicinal chemistry but common approaches to introduce biologically responsive groups are limited in the chemoselectivity and scope of available functionalization reactions. This Concept article describes strategy-level prodrug synthesis, which is a powerful extension of classical prodrug formation that initiates sequences with the objective of introducing functionality early in a sequence to achieve greater scope, site-selectivity, and chemoselectivity for the incorporation of the biologically responsive group. Examples of functionalization using alkyne hydroamination, Curtius reaction, and alkene metathesis are highlighted along with the use of the prodrugs for biological applications.
有机合成独特地提供了获取具有特定用途分子的机会。药物化学通过前药设计很好地体现了这一特性,其中药物经历后期转化为条件响应活性药物(AMA)就是一个显著的例子。前药在药物化学中变得越来越重要,但引入生物响应基团的常见方法在化学选择性和可用官能化反应的范围方面受到限制。这篇概念文章描述了策略层面的前药合成,它是经典前药形成的有力扩展,其起始序列的目标是在序列早期引入官能团,以实现更大的范围、位点选择性和化学选择性来掺入生物响应基团。重点介绍了使用炔烃氢胺化、库尔提斯反应和烯烃复分解进行官能化的例子以及前药在生物应用中的使用情况。