Prakasam Vaisshali Prakash Arul, Rajasree S R Radhika
Department of Fish Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi-682506, Kerala, India.
Food Technol Biotechnol. 2025 Mar;63(1):74-82. doi: 10.17113/ftb.63.01.25.8644.
In India, widespread dietary deficiency in calcium and vitamin D is a significant public health concern. Over the past five decades, evidence has shown a decline in dietary calcium intake in rural, tribal and urban populations. This persistent deficiency poses a serious risk to bone health and contributes to the development of rickets, osteoporosis and osteopenia, as well as potential disturbances in metabolic rates and physiological functions. A key factor in this decline appears to be the reduced consumption of calcium-rich dairy products. As a result, research is exploring alternative, highly bioavailable sources of calcium, such as those derived from fish bone waste. The potential of nano-calcium supplements to improve absorption and bone density compared to traditional supplements is an area of active investigation.
Nano-calcium powder was synthesised from the bones of two commercial fish species, and , ethically sourced from the Kerala coast following relevant regulations. Alkali extraction method was used and the resulting nano-calcium powder was characterized by various physiological and chemical analyses.
The yield percentage of two samples was different. Notably, both samples had different colour properties, proximate composition and results of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The nano-calcium from also contains slightly more calcium and phosphorus than that from . The nanoparticles of the calcium from (=153.8 nm) were also smaller than the nanoparticles of the calcium from (=337.1 nm). Interestingly, further analyses using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed significant similarity between the nano-calcium samples from and , despite the initial differences in yield, composition and particle size. This result suggests that the choice of fish species significantly affects the yield, composition and properties of the synthesised nano-calcium powder with appearing to be a more favorable source, but both products can exhibit similar functionality and warrant further investigation.
This is the first report on the extraction and characterization of biogenic nano-calcium from two commercial fish, and from the Malabar Coast, India. The extracted nano-calcium powders from these two fish are a good source of calcium and help overcome calcium-related disorders.
在印度，钙和维生素D的普遍膳食缺乏是一个重大的公共卫生问题。在过去的五十年里，有证据表明农村、部落和城市人口的膳食钙摄入量有所下降。这种持续的缺乏对骨骼健康构成严重风险，并导致佝偻病、骨质疏松症和骨质减少的发展，以及代谢率和生理功能的潜在紊乱。这种下降的一个关键因素似乎是富含钙的乳制品消费减少。因此，研究正在探索替代的、生物利用度高的钙源，如鱼骨废料衍生的钙源。与传统补充剂相比，纳米钙补充剂改善钙吸收和骨密度的潜力是一个活跃的研究领域。
纳米钙粉由两种商业鱼类的骨头合成，这两种鱼按照相关规定从喀拉拉邦海岸合法获取。采用碱提取法，并通过各种生理和化学分析对所得纳米钙粉进行表征。
两个样品的产率百分比不同。值得注意的是，两个样品具有不同的颜色特性、近似组成以及扫描电子显微镜与能量色散X射线光谱（SEM-EDX）的结果。来自[鱼1]的纳米钙也比来自[鱼2]的纳米钙含有略多的钙和磷。来自[鱼1]的钙纳米颗粒（=153.8纳米）也比来自[鱼2]的钙纳米颗粒（=337.1纳米）小。有趣的是，使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、zeta电位、热重分析（TGA）和X射线衍射（XRD）等技术进行的进一步分析表明，尽管在产率、组成和粒径方面存在初始差异，但来自[鱼1]和[鱼2]的纳米钙样品之间存在显著相似性。这一结果表明，鱼类品种的选择显著影响合成纳米钙粉的产率、组成和性质，[鱼1]似乎是更有利的来源，但两种产品都可能具有相似的功能，值得进一步研究。
这是关于从印度马拉巴尔海岸的两种商业鱼类[鱼1]和[鱼2]中提取和表征生物源纳米钙的第一份报告。从这两种鱼中提取的纳米钙粉是钙的良好来源，有助于克服与钙相关的疾病。
