Marek Merle Johanna, Heep Axel, Hildebrandt Andrea
Psychological Methods and Statistics, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Paediatrics, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
PLoS One. 2025 May 5;20(5):e0322795. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322795. eCollection 2025.
To facilitate future research on self-regulation and related brain-behavior associations, we aimed to establish a psychometric model of self-regulation in the largest open neuroimaging dataset to date, the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD; https://abcdstudy.org/). Given the measures adopted in the ABCD study, we tested three theoretically defensible and applicable psychometric models of self-regulation. The dual-process theory provided the framework for postulating the models to be tested. This theory states that successful self-regulation occurs in case of a balanced state between bottom-up 'hot' and top-down 'cool' processes in favor of achieving goals. Based on the results, we recommend a measurement model with three correlated first-order factors: Hot, Cool and Executive Functions. The model successfully predicted academic achievement both at the time of self-regulation assessment and two years later, and its robustness across smaller samples was confirmed. Given its factorial and predictive validity, we recommend the adoption of the established model for future research on self-regulation and its neural correlates based on the ABCD dataset. Given the measures adopted in the ABCD study, a theoretically desirable bifactor model with a general self-regulation factor and nested Hot and Cool factors cannot be reliably established.
为推动未来关于自我调节及相关脑-行为关联的研究，我们旨在在迄今最大的开放性神经影像数据集——青少年大脑与认知发展研究（ABCD；https://abcdstudy.org/）中建立一个自我调节的心理测量模型。鉴于ABCD研究中采用的测量方法，我们测试了三种在理论上合理且适用的自我调节心理测量模型。双加工理论为假设待测试的模型提供了框架。该理论指出，成功的自我调节发生在自下而上的“热”过程和自上而下的“冷”过程之间达到平衡以利于实现目标的情况下。基于研究结果，我们推荐一个具有三个相关一阶因子的测量模型：热、冷和执行功能。该模型成功预测了自我调节评估时以及两年后的学业成绩，并且在较小样本中的稳健性也得到了证实。鉴于其因子效度和预测效度，我们建议在基于ABCD数据集开展未来关于自我调节及其神经关联的研究时采用已建立的模型。鉴于ABCD研究中采用的测量方法，一个理论上理想的具有一般自我调节因子以及嵌套的热和冷因子的双因子模型无法可靠地建立。
