Recent advancements in 3D bioprinting technology have transformed the development of complex tissue scaffolds, offering significant potential for applications in bone and dental regenerative medicine. Oil-based hydrogels have garnered considerable interest owing to their tunable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and ability to facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. This review provides an in-depth review of recent research regarding the utilization of oil-based hydrogels in bone and dental tissue development, focusing on the 3D bioprinting strategies. The review investigates the biological efficacy of the diverse oils used in hydrogel formulations, as well as their physicochemical properties, in promoting osteogenesis and dental tissue regeneration. Significant results from both in vitro and in vivo research are examined, emphasizing their capacity to sustain biological functions and promote tissue regeneration. Challenges such as hydrogel stability, printability, and cytotoxicity efficiency are thoroughly examined, along with strategies to improve these materials for translational and clinical applications. This study highlights the revolutionary potential of oil-based hydrogels in enhancing bone and dental regenerative medicine, providing insights into their current status, as well as future research and development pathways.