Wang Qian, Chen Siyu, Ma Shizhen, Jiao Ying, Hong Huiyi, Wang Siying, Huang Wei, An Qi, Song Yu, Dang Xukun, Zhang Gege, Ding Haiqin, Wang Yang, Xia Zhaofei, Wang Lu, Lyu Yanli
College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Beijing Zhongnongda Veterinary Hospital Co., Ltd., Beijing 100193, China.
Pathogens. 2025 Mar 24;14(4):309. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14040309.
Bacterial skin infections are common in dogs and often secondary to underlying conditions like allergies or ectoparasite infestations. Untreated primary causes can lead to recurrent infections and an increased risk of antimicrobial resistance, including methicillin-resistant (MRSP), posing a substantial clinical challenge. Here, we analyzed 896 canine bacterial skin infection samples collected from the China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2018 and 2022. Species identification was confirmed by MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Of the 896 samples, 722 (80.6%) yielded 1123 bacterial isolates, with ( = 421), ( = 108), and ( = 73) being the most prevalent. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Notably, resistance to florfenicol in increased from 9.1% in 2018 to 20.0% in 2022, while resistance to ceftriaxone in rose from 30.0% to 72.7% over the same period. Among 305 reviewed cases, pyoderma (47.5%, 145/305) was the most common infection type, predominantly associated with ( = 114), followed by otitis (25.6%, 78/305) primarily linked to ( = 24). Mixed infections occurred in 35.4% (108/305) of cases, with as the most frequently isolated species in both single and mixed infections. The multivariable logistic regression model revealed that MRSP infections were correlated with a history of invasion ( <0.001) and prolonged disease duration (six months to less than one year: = 0.005; one year or longer: < 0.001). Core-genome SNP analysis showed that eight dogs were infected with identical strains, in which one dog exhibited a shift from gentamicin susceptibility to resistance within nine days. Conversely, three dogs were infected by distinct strains at two time points. To effectively manage MRSP infections and chronic skin infections in dogs, rigorous disinfection protocols in veterinary hospitals, control of disease duration, prevention of recurrent infections, and continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns are essential.
细菌性皮肤感染在犬类中很常见，通常继发于潜在疾病，如过敏或外寄生虫感染。未经治疗的原发性病因可导致反复感染，并增加抗菌药物耐药性的风险，包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSP），这带来了重大的临床挑战。在此，我们分析了2018年至2022年期间从中国农业大学动物医院收集的896份犬类细菌性皮肤感染样本。通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF）和16S rRNA基因测序确认菌种鉴定。在这896份样本中，722份（80.6%）培养出1123株细菌分离株，其中金黄色葡萄球菌（n = 421）、中间葡萄球菌（n = 108）和表皮葡萄球菌（n = 73）最为常见。根据美国临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）指南，采用肉汤微量稀释法评估抗菌药物敏感性。值得注意的是，金黄色葡萄球菌对氟苯尼考的耐药率从2018年的9.1%上升至2022年的20.0%，而同期对头孢曲松的耐药率从30.0%升至72.7%。在305例回顾病例中，脓皮病（47.5%，145/305）是最常见的感染类型，主要与金黄色葡萄球菌（n = 114）相关，其次是中耳炎（25.6%，78/305），主要与中间葡萄球菌（n = 24）相关。35.4%（108/305）的病例发生混合感染，金黄色葡萄球菌是单一感染和混合感染中最常分离出的菌种。多变量逻辑回归模型显示，MRSP感染与侵袭史（P < 0.001）和疾病持续时间延长（6个月至不足1年：P = 0.005；1年或更长时间：P < 0.001）相关。核心基因组单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分析表明，8只犬感染了相同的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株，其中1只犬在9天内从对庆大霉素敏感转变为耐药。相反，3只犬在两个时间点感染了不同的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株。为有效管理犬类的MRSP感染和慢性皮肤感染，兽医医院严格的消毒方案、控制疾病持续时间、预防反复感染以及持续监测抗生素耐药模式至关重要。
