Balciunaitiene Aiste, Zehra Syeda Hijab, Liaudanskas Mindaugas, Zvikas Vaidotas, Viskelis Jonas, Nuapia Yannick Belo, Siukscius Arturas, Singh Pradeep Kumar, Janulis Valdimaras, Viskelis Pranas
Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Molecules. 2025 Apr 10;30(8):1706. doi: 10.3390/molecules30081706.
Silver nanoparticles belong to a highly versatile group of nanomaterials with an appealing range of potential applications. In the realm of antimicrobial and antioxidant application, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit auspicious capabilities. This research, for the very first time, endeavors to carry out biosynthesis of AgNPs coupled with fermentation using and L. () plant species. Fermentation (F) via is responsible for chemical, physical, biological, and electrochemical processes. During in vitro study of antioxidant activity, fermented herb extract showed strong reductive activity as evaluated by the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) assay, with a value of 1.45 ± 0.048 mmol TE/g, 0.95 ± 0.04 mmol TE/g, and 0.59 ± 0.023 mmol TE/g, respectively. The highest antimicrobial activity was shown by in the inhibition zone, with values of 1.40 ± 0.12 mm of OrV and of 10.30 ± 0.04 mm and 11.54 ± 0.10 mm for OrV-AgNPs and OrV-F-AgNPs, respectively. Analysis of phenolic compounds revealed that the highest total amount of the apigenin, 87.78 µg/g, was detected in OrV-F-AgNPs and the lowest amount, 16.56 µg/g, in OrV-AgNPs. Moreover, in OrV-F-AgNPs, the collective amount of proanthocyanidins, hydroxycinnamic, and flavonoids was prominently high in all cases, i.e., 145.00 ± 0.02 mg EE/g DW, 2.86 ± 0.01 mg CAE/g DW, and 0.55 ± 0.01 mg RE/g DW, respectively, as compared to the original extract (102.1 ± 0.03 mg EE/g DW, 2.78 ± 0.02 mg CAE/g DW, and 0.47 ± 0.01 mg RE/g DW, respectively). During the characterization of biosynthesized nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), AgNPs demonstrated a uniform spherical shape with even distribution. The sample's elemental composition was confirmed with a signal of 3.2 keV using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed silver nanoparticles that were round and spherical in shape in both stacked and congested form, with a size range of less than 30 nm. Thus, this green and sustainable synthesis of AgNPs, a blend of and herbal extract, has adequate potential for increased antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.
银纳米颗粒属于一类用途极为广泛的纳米材料，具有一系列引人关注的潜在应用。在抗菌和抗氧化应用领域，银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）展现出良好的性能。本研究首次尝试利用[具体植物名称1]和[具体植物名称2] L.（[具体植物学名]）植物物种进行银纳米颗粒的生物合成并结合发酵。通过[具体发酵方式]进行的发酵负责化学、物理、生物和电化学过程。在体外抗氧化活性研究中，经发酵的[植物名称]草本提取物表现出较强的还原活性，通过铜离子还原抗氧化能力（CUPRAC）、铁离子还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）和2,2'-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS•+）测定法评估，其值分别为1.45±0.048 mmol TE/g、0.95±0.04 mmol TE/g和0.59±0.023 mmol TE/g。[植物名称]在抑菌圈表现出最高的抗菌活性，对OrV的抑菌圈直径值为1.40±0.12 mm，OrV-AgNPs对OrV的抑菌圈直径值为10.30±0.04 mm，OrV-F-AgNPs对OrV的抑菌圈直径值为11.54±0.10 mm。酚类化合物分析表明，在OrV-F-AgNPs中检测到的芹菜素总量最高，为87.78 µg/g，在OrV-AgNPs中最低，为16.56 µg/g。此外，在OrV-F-AgNPs中，原花青素、羟基肉桂酸和黄酮类化合物的总量在所有情况下均显著较高，分别为145.00±0.02 mg EE/g DW、2.86±0.01 mg CAE/g DW和0.55±0.01 mg RE/g DW，相比原始提取物（分别为102.1±0.03 mg EE/g DW、2.78±0.02 mg CAE/g DW和0.47±0.01 mg RE/g DW）。在通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对生物合成的纳米颗粒进行表征时，AgNPs呈现出均匀的球形且分布均匀。使用能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）分析，在3.2 keV的信号下确认了样品的元素组成。透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析显示，银纳米颗粒呈圆形和球形，有堆叠和密集形式，尺寸范围小于30 nm。因此，这种将[具体植物名称1]和[具体植物名称2]草本提取物混合的银纳米颗粒绿色可持续合成方法，在增强抗菌和抗氧化活性方面具有足够的潜力。
