Gette Faith, Aziz Ali Sumera, Ho Matthew S P, Richter Lindsay L, Chan Edmond S, Yang Connie L, Kieran Emily, Mammen Cherry, Roberts Ashley, Kang Kristopher T, Wong Jonathan, Rassekh Shahrad R, Castaldo Michael, Harris Kevin C, Lee James, Lam Carol K L, Chan Natalie H, Lisonkova Sarka, Ting Joseph Y
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Front Pediatr. 2025 Apr 23;13:1565897. doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1565897. eCollection 2025.
Despite a significant reduction in neonatal mortality due to advances in neonatal care, preterm birth (PTB) continues to pose a challenge due to the escalating incidence of long-term complications, which refer to health issues that persist or emerge beyond the immediate neonatal period. The impact of PTB, particularly in extremely preterm infants born before 28 weeks of gestational age, is not confined to the early years but extends across the lifespan, influencing physical, cognitive, and social development, as well as long-term health outcomes. These complications, which often persist from childhood into adulthood, span multiple systems and create a broad spectrum of health concerns. This comprehensive narrative review of literature delves into the breadth of well-characterized long-term complications associated with PTB, including neurodevelopmental, respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, and endocrine system disorders. By providing health care providers with a holistic understanding of the potential complications following PTB, this review aims to summarize the current literature and underscore the value of long-term monitoring strategies and proactive evaluations of this population. Our objective is to foster a clinical approach that anticipates these complications, enabling early interventions and better management of these at-risk infants.
尽管由于新生儿护理的进步，新生儿死亡率显著降低，但早产（PTB）由于长期并发症的发生率不断上升，仍然构成挑战，长期并发症是指在新生儿期之后持续存在或出现的健康问题。早产的影响，特别是对于孕周小于28周的极早早产儿，不仅局限于早年，而是贯穿一生，影响身体、认知和社会发展以及长期健康结果。这些并发症通常从儿童期持续到成年期，涉及多个系统，引发广泛的健康问题。这篇全面的文献综述深入探讨了与早产相关的一系列已充分描述的长期并发症，包括神经发育、呼吸、心血管、肾脏、胃肠道和内分泌系统疾病。通过向医疗保健提供者提供对早产潜在并发症的全面理解，本综述旨在总结当前文献，并强调对这一人群进行长期监测策略和积极评估的价值。我们的目标是促进一种能够预见这些并发症的临床方法，以便对这些高危婴儿进行早期干预和更好的管理。
