Piras Alessandra, Porcedda Silvia, Smeriglio Antonella, Trombetta Domenico, Piras Franca, Sogos Valeria, Rosa Antonella
Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP 8, Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Molecules. 2025 Apr 14;30(8):1757. doi: 10.3390/molecules30081757.
This study investigates the potential reuse of (blackthorn) seeds, a food industry by-product. Traditionally discarded, these seeds are now being explored for their bioactive compounds. In this work, seeds were used as raw material for supercritical CO extraction. Two distinct extracts were obtained at low and high pressure (SFE90 and SFE200) and both extracts presented an aqueous phase (WE90 and WE200). SFE90 analysis by GC/MS allowed us to identify benzaldehyde and fatty acids (mainly oleic and linoleic acids). The fatty acid profile of SFE200, determined by HPLC-DAD/ELSD, showed that oleic and linoleic acids were predominant in supercritical oil. The phytochemical composition of the water extracts, analyzed via LC-DAD-ESI-MS, revealed that higher pressure enhanced the recovery of specific flavonols and anthocyanins, while lower pressure preserved various polyphenolic subclasses. WE90 was rich in 3-feruloylquinic acid and cyanidin-3--rutinoside, whereas WE200 was rich in caffeic acid hexoside 2 and dihydro--coumaric acid glucoside. Benzaldehyde was individuated in WE90 and WE200 by HPLC-DAD analysis. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that WE90, WE200 and SFE200 had anticancer effects on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, while all extracts did not remarkably affect the viability and morphology of human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). These results suggest that seed extracts have potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
本研究调查了食品工业副产品黑刺李种子的潜在再利用价值。这些种子传统上被丢弃，现在正因其生物活性化合物而受到探索。在这项工作中，种子被用作超临界CO₂萃取的原料。在低压和高压下获得了两种不同的提取物（SFE90和SFE200），且两种提取物均呈现水相（WE90和WE200）。通过GC/MS对SFE90进行分析，使我们能够鉴定出苯甲醛和脂肪酸（主要是油酸和亚油酸）。通过HPLC-DAD/ELSD测定的SFE200的脂肪酸谱表明，油酸和亚油酸在超临界油中占主导地位。通过LC-DAD-ESI-MS分析水提取物的植物化学成分，结果显示较高压力提高了特定黄酮醇和花青素的回收率，而较低压力则保留了各种多酚亚类。WE90富含3-阿魏酰奎尼酸和矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷，而WE200富含咖啡酸己糖苷2和二氢-香豆酸葡萄糖苷。通过HPLC-DAD分析在WE90和WE200中鉴定出了苯甲醛。细胞毒性试验表明，WE90、WE200和SFE200对SH-SY5Y神经母细胞瘤细胞具有抗癌作用，而所有提取物对人皮肤角质形成细胞（HaCaT细胞）的活力和形态均无显著影响。这些结果表明，黑刺李种子提取物具有潜在的营养保健和制药应用价值。
