Magiera Anna, Czerwińska Monika Ewa, Owczarek Aleksandra, Marchelak Anna, Granica Sebastian, Olszewska Monika Anna
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego St., 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Molecules. 2022 Mar 4;27(5):1691. doi: 10.3390/molecules27051691.
The fresh fruits of L., a wild plum species, are traditionally used for dietary purposes and medicinal applications in disorders related to inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of the fruits in the function of fractionated extraction and evaluate the biological potential of the extracts as functional products in two models of human immune cells ex vivo. Fifty-seven phenolic components were identified in the extracts by UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS, including twenty-eight new for the analysed fruits. Fractionation enabled the enrichment of polyphenols in the extracts up to 126.5 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dw total contents, 91.3 mg/g phenolic acids (caffeoyl-, coumaroyl-, and feruloylquinic acids), 41.1 mg/g flavonoids (mostly quercetin mono-, di- and triglycosides), 44.5 mg/g condensed proanthocyanidins, and 9.2 mg/g anthocyanins (cyanidin and peonidin glycosides). The hydroalcoholic extract and phenolic-enriched fractions of the fruits revealed significant ability to modulate pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory functions of human neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs): they strongly downregulated the release of reactive oxygen species, TNF-, and neutrophils elastase, upregulated the secretion of IL-10, and slightly inhibited the production of IL-8 and IL-6 in the cells stimulated by MLP, MLP+cytochalasin B, and LPS, depending on the test. Correlation studies and experiments on the pure compounds indicated a significant contribution of polyphenols to these effects. Moreover, cellular safety was confirmed for the extracts by flow cytometry in a wide range of concentrations. The results support the traditional use of fresh blackthorn fruits in inflammatory disorders and indicate extracts that are most promising for functional applications.
李属一种野生李子品种的新鲜果实，传统上用于饮食目的以及治疗与炎症和氧化应激相关的疾病。本研究旨在研究分级萃取作用下该果实的植物化学成分，并在两种体外人免疫细胞模型中评估提取物作为功能性产品的生物潜力。通过超高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列-电喷雾电离质谱法（UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS）在提取物中鉴定出57种酚类成分，其中28种是所分析果实中的新成分。分级萃取使提取物中的多酚富集，总含量达到126.5毫克没食子酸当量/克干重，91.3毫克/克酚酸（咖啡酰、香豆酰和阿魏酰奎尼酸），41.1毫克/克黄酮类化合物（主要是槲皮素单糖苷、二糖苷和三糖苷），44.5毫克/克缩合原花青素，以及9.2毫克/克花青素（矢车菊素和芍药素糖苷）。果实的水醇提取物和富含酚类的级分显示出显著调节人中性粒细胞和外周血单核细胞（PBMC）促氧化、促炎和抗炎功能的能力：它们强烈下调活性氧、肿瘤坏死因子-α和中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶的释放，上调白细胞介素-10的分泌，并根据试验情况略微抑制在甲酰甲硫氨酸-亮氨酸-苯丙氨酸（MLP）、MLP+细胞松弛素B和脂多糖（LPS）刺激的细胞中白细胞介素-8和白细胞介素-6的产生。相关性研究和对纯化合物的实验表明多酚对这些作用有显著贡献。此外，通过流式细胞术在广泛浓度范围内证实了提取物的细胞安全性。结果支持新鲜黑刺李果实在炎症性疾病中的传统用途，并表明最有前景用于功能性应用的提取物。
